ArticleCells2021
Beyond the Warburg Effect: Oxidative and Glycolytic Phenotypes Coexist within the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methyl 4-O-Demethylbarbatate Destabilises HIF-1α and Enhances Temozolomide Sensitivity in Glioma Cells.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Redox Regulation in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Deciphering LonP1's role in glioblastoma: an alternative mechanism of treatment resistance.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Focused Ultrasound-Induced Mechanical Ablation Affects the Carbohydrate Metabolism of Residual/Peri-Focally Localized Glioblastoma Cells.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Patient-derived glioblastoma cultures preserve respiration phenotypes during ex vivo maintenance and show sex-associated differences in migration.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- ALKBH2 promotes the Warburg effect and bladder cancer progression under hypoxic conditions via the PI3K/AKT pathway.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Overcoming Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies, and Functional Precision Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Warburg Effect and Aerobic Glycolysis in Tumors.Cancer treatment and research · 2026Review
- An optimized protocol for metabolic measurement in 3D tumor spheroids derived from primary and established glioblastoma cells.PloS one · 2026Article
- Heterogenous mitochondrial ultrastructure and metabolism of human glioblastoma cells: differences between stem-like and differentiated cancer cells in response to chemotherapy.Radiology and oncology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of TRAF3IP2 Modulates NAMPT and NAD Metabolism in Glioblastoma.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Targeting the Mitochondria in High-Grade Gliomas.Cancers · 2025Review
- Prognostic Significance ofBiology · 2025Article
- The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX28 suppresses cell migration and 3D growth and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells by altering bioenergetics.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Article
- Article
- Metabolic flux analysis of glioblastoma neural stem cells reveals distinctive metabolic phenotypes in ketogenic conditions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Purine metabolism rewiring improves glioblastoma susceptibility to temozolomide treatment.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Redefining the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in oxygen homeostasis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Deuterium metabolic imaging phenotypes mouse glioblastoma heterogeneity through glucose turnover kinetics.eLife · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with a median survival at diagnosis of 16-20 months. Metabolism represents a new attractive therapeutic target; however, due to high intratumoral heterogeneity, the application of metabolic drugs in GBM is challenging. We characterized the basal bioenergetic metabolism and antiproliferative potential of metformin (MF), dichloroacetate (DCA), sodium oxamate (SOD) and diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) in three distinct glioma stem cells (GSCs) (GBM18, GBM27, GBM38), as well as U87MG. GBM27, a highly oxidative cell line, was the most resistant to all treatments, except DON. GBM18 and GBM38, Warburg-like GSCs, were sensitive to MF and DCA, respectively. Resistance to DON was not correlated with basal metabolic phenotypes. In combinatory experiments, radiomimetic bleomycin exhibited therapeutically relevant synergistic effects with MF, DCA and DON in GBM27 and DON in all other cell lines. MF and DCA shifted the metabolism of treated cells towards glycolysis or oxidation, respectively. DON consistently decreased total ATP production. Our study highlights the need for a better characterization of GBM from a metabolic perspective. Metabolic therapy should focus on both glycolytic and oxidative subpopulations of GSCs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.