ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Bacterial-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles are Potent Adjuvants that Drive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Research Advances from Biogenesis Mechanisms to Engineered Applications.Membranes · 2026Review
- Outer membrane vesicles: Versatile nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery and immune modulation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- An old foe comes swooping back: Whooping cough resurgence-Okay, now what?PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Depletion of CX3CR1Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of 5 combination adjuvants on immunogenicity and efficacy of approved seasonal influenza vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Construction and application of a novel respiratory syncytial virus vaccine based onFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Unadjuvanted antenatal pertussis OMV vaccination drives enhanced and durable humoral immunity in offspring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Light-induced extracellular vesicle and particle adsorption.Nature methods · 2025Article
- Bridging biology and therapy: translational advances of extracellular vesicles in veterinary clinical practice.Veterinary research communications · 2025Review
- Bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a novel target in mediating bacterial infection and host immune responses.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- The Lpp-OmpA-BtaE fusion protein causes a protective immune response against Brucella melitensis in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- STING Agonist Drug Delivery by Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Induces Synergistic Immuno-Oncology Responses and Efficient Inhibition of Tumour Growth.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Outer Membrane Vesicles fromACS nano · 2025Article
- Engineered Outer Membrane Vesicles for Antigen Delivery: Exploratory Study on Adjuvant Activity and Systemic Reactogenicity.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Outer membrane vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa induce autophagy-regulated pyroptosis in THP-1 cells.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Review on bacterial outer membrane vesicles: structure, vesicle formation, separation and biotechnological applications.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- Endotoxin-Free Outer Membrane Vesicles for Safe and Modular Anticancer Immunotherapy.ACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Immunization with outer membrane vesicles drivedFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Investigation on antigen-specific T-cell responses induced by outer membrane vesicles fromFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Discovery and development of novel adjuvants that can improve existing or next generation vaccine platforms have received considerable interest in recent years. In particular, adjuvants that can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses would be particularly advantageous because the majority of licensed vaccines are formulated with aluminum hydroxide (alum) which predominantly promotes antibodies. We previously demonstrated that bacterial-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMV) possess inherent adjuvanticity and drive antigen-specific antibody and cellular immune responses to OMV components. Here, we investigated the ability of OMVs to stimulate innate and adaptive immunity and to function as a stand-alone adjuvant. We show that OMVs are more potent than heat-inactivated and live-attenuated bacteria in driving dendritic cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Mice immunized with OMVs admixed with heterologous peptides generated peptide-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells responses. Notably, OMV adjuvant induced much greater antibody and B cell responses to co-delivered ovalbumin compared to the responses elicited by the adjuvants alum and CpG DNA. Additionally, pre-existing antibodies raised against the OMVs did not impair OMV adjuvanticity upon repeat immunization. These results indicate that vaccines adjuvanted with OMVs elicit robust cellular and humoral immune responses, supporting further development of OMV adjuvant for use in next-generation vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.