ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Detection of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles by NOD-Like Receptors.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial cell envelope components of gut commensals: effects in host-microbe interaction.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of gut bacterial extracellular vesicles on angiogenic potential and vascular integrity: positive and negative aspects.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- The 'sugar' side of extracellular vesicle-glycome: a panorama from basic characteristics, deciphering technologies, functions, to applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Activation of the NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei Through Modulation of TLR4 and DC-SIGN Genes in an Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Rat Model.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Role of Nod-like Receptors inMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Cross-species transmission ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacteria-related signals in brain metastases: evidence boundaries, tumor-microenvironment remodeling, and translational prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Oncology: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Clinical Applications.Cancers · 2025Review
- Gut commensal Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 in lung cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Characterization ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Cross - Kingdom Dialogue of Microbial Messengers: Multi - Target Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Gut Microbiota - Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- The microbiome as a therapeutic co-driver in melanoma immuno-oncology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Linking microbial communities to rheumatoid arthritis: focus on gut, oral microbiome and their extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- HA2-FimA DNA Vaccine Treats Experimental Periodontitis.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Article
- Interactions of Gram-Positive Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Hosts: Updates and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- BACTERIAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles: an emerging tool for wild immunology.Discovery immunology · 2024Review
- Synthesis and validation of click-modified NOD1/2 agonists.Innate immunity · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are nanoparticles produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that can function to modulate immunity in the host. Both outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and membrane vesicles (MVs), which are released by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, contain cargo derived from their parent bacterium, including immune stimulating molecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Of these, peptidoglycan (PG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are able to activate host innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), known as NOD-like receptors (NLRs), such as nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-containing protein (NOD) 1, NOD2 and NLRP3. NLR activation is a key driver of inflammation in the host, and BMVs derived from both pathogenic and commensal bacteria have been shown to package PG and LPS in order to modulate the host immune response using NLR-dependent mechanisms. Here, we discuss the packaging of immunostimulatory cargo within OMVs and MVs, their detection by NLRs and the cytokines produced by host cells in response to their detection. Additionally, commensal derived BMVs are thought to shape immunity and contribute to homeostasis in the gut, therefore we also highlight the interactions of commensal derived BMVs with NLRs and their roles in limiting inflammatory diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.