Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33497908›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia research2021

Transcriptome analysis of human induced excitatory neurons supports a strong effect of clozapine on cholesterol biosynthesis.

Debamitra Das, Xi Peng, Anh-Thu N Lam, Joel S Bader, Dimitrios Avramopoulos

Open access · greenAbstract readLetter
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
14.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Debamitra DasDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America.
Xi PengDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, United States of America.
Anh-Thu N LamDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America.
Joel S BaderDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America.
Dimitrios AvramopoulosDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States of America. Electronic address: adimitr1@jhmi.edu.
Johns Hopkins University · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · US

Funding

Project 3P50MH094268 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SAWA, AKIRA · 2011 to 2020
$19.9M
SZ-associated loci: Functional consequences and treatment opportunitiesR01MH113215 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI AVRAMOPOULOS, DIMITRIOS · 2018 to 2021
$3.8M
SZ-associated loci: Functional consequences and treatment opportunitiesR56MH113215 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI AVRAMOPOULOS, DIMITRIOS · 2017 to 2017
$793k
Understanding GWAS signals: functional variants or functional haplotypes?R21MH122936 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI AVRAMOPOULOS, DIMITRIOS · 2020 to 2020
$450k
NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH094268NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113215NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH122936NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH113215
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antipsychotics are known to modulate dopamine and other neurotransmitters which is often thought to be the mechanism underlying their therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, other less studied consequences of antipsychotics on neuronal function may contribute to their efficacy. Revealing the complete picture behind their action is of paramount importance for precision medicine and accurate drug selection. Progress in cell engineering allows the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiation to a variety of neuronal types, providing new tools to study antipsychotics. Here we use excitatory cortical neurons derived from iPSCs to explore their response to therapeutic levels of Clozapine as measured by their transcriptomic output, a proxy for neuronal homeostasis. To our surprise, but in agreement with the results of many investigators studying glial-like cells, Clozapine had a very strong effect on cholesterol metabolism. More than a quarter (12) of all annotated cholesterol genes (46) in the genome were significantly changed at FDR < 0.1, all upregulated. This is a 35-fold enrichment with an adjusted p = 8 × 10

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsClozapineSchizophreniaCholesterolGene Expression ProfilingHumansNeuronsOlanzapineAntipsychotic AgentsCholesterolClozapineOlanzapineAntipsychoticsCholesterol metabolismClozapineGene expressionSchizophreniaTranscriptome

Identifiers

PMID33497908
PMCPMC7987755
OpenAlexW3122354717

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.