ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
Similarities and differences between the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19-related pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome and Kawasaki disease.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Similarities and differences between MIS-C and KD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- MicroRNAs in Kawasaki disease: An update on diagnosis, therapy and monitoring.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Protective Effects of Jiawei Baihu Tang in Kawasaki Disease: Omics Analysis and Mechanistic Exploration.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- From hyperinflammation to recovery: serum immune biomarkers predict severity and track rapid inflammatory resolution in MIS-C.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Tracking the soluble biomarkers of MIS-C and their association with clinical parameters and severity.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Long-Term Evolution of Myocardial Strain and Coronary Artery Z-Scores in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in ChildrenChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cytokine and Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis in Korean Patients With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and trend changes of Kawasaki disease in children because of the Omicron pandemic.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparison of Immunomodulatory Therapies for Cardiovascular Clinical and Inflammatory Markers Outcomes in Mild to Moderately Ill Hospitalized Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Patients.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota Alterations in Patients With Kawasaki Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Review
- Kawasaki Disease Diagnosis and Treatment in over 1000 Patients: A Continuum of Dysregulated Inflammatory Responses.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The complex landscape of immune dysregulation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19.Life medicine · 2024Review
- IL-10 suppresses T cell expansion while promoting tissue-resident memory cell formation during SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Review
- The CXCL10-CXCR3 axis plays an important role in Kawasaki disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Differentiating Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children from Kawasaki Disease During the Pandemic.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Kawasaki Disease-Associated Cytokine Storm Syndrome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- MAFB shapes human monocyte-derived macrophage response to SARS-CoV-2 and controls severe COVID-19 biomarker expression.JCI insight · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 13 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has recently been described in children (MIS-C), partially overlapping with Kawasaki disease (KD). We hypothesized that (a) MIS-C and prepandemic KD cytokine profiles may be unique and justify the clinical differences observed, and (b) SARS-CoV-2-specific immune complexes (ICs) may explain the immunopathology of MIS-C. Seventy-four children were included: 14 with MIS-C, 9 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR without MIS-C (COVID), 14 with prepandemic KD, and 37 healthy controls (HCs). Thirty-four circulating cytokines were quantified in pretreatment serum or plasma samples and the presence of circulating SARS-CoV-2 ICs was evaluated in MIS-C patients. Compared with HCs, the MIS-C and KD groups showed most cytokines to be significantly elevated, with IFN-γ-induced response markers (including IFN-γ, IL-18, and IP-10) and inflammatory monocyte activation markers (including MCP-1, IL-1α, and IL-1RA) being the main triggers of inflammation. In linear discriminant analysis, MIS-C and KD profiles overlapped; however, a subgroup of MIS-C patients (MIS-Cplus) differentiated from the remaining MIS-C patients in IFN-γ, IL-18, GM-CSF, RANTES, IP-10, IL-1α, and SDF-1 and incipient signs of macrophage activation syndrome. Circulating SARS-CoV-2 ICs were not detected in MIS-C patients. Our findings suggest a major role for IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of MIS-C, which may be relevant for therapeutic management.
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