ArticleCell and tissue research2021
Characterization of the structure, vascularity, and stem/progenitor cell populations in porcine Achilles tendon (PAT).
Article in Cell and tissue research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paratenon preserving repair of the midsubstance acute Achilles tendon rupture: a systematic review and meta-analysis with best- and worst-case analyses for rerupture rates.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Spatially distributed bFGF and VEGFA gene delivery to tendon and peritendinous tissues enhances early tendon healing.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Outcomes Following Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Hockey League: A Retrospective Sports Database Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Achilles tendinopathy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Fluoroquinolone-Mediated Tendinopathy and Tendon Rupture.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tendon regeneration deserves better: focused review onFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Mitigating Scar Tissue Formation in Tendon Injuries: Targeting HMGB1, AMPK Activation, and Myofibroblast Migration All at Once.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Endotenon-Derived Type II Tendon Stem Cells Have Enhanced Proliferative and Tenogenic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Tendon healing: a concise review on cellular and molecular mechanisms with a particular focus on the Achilles tendon.Bone & joint research · 2022Article
- Large animal models for the study of tendinopathy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Extrinsic Macrophages Protect While Tendon Progenitors Degrade: Insights from a Tissue Engineered Model of Tendon Compartmental Crosstalk.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Article
- Mechanical Overloading Induced-Activation of mTOR Signaling in Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells Contributes to Tendinopathy Development.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize porcine Achilles tendon (PAT) in terms of its structural components, vascularity, and resident tendon cells. We found that PAT is composed of a paratenon sheath, a core of fascicles, and an endotenon/interfascicular matrix (IFM) that encases the fascicle bundles. We analyzed each of these three tendon components structurally using tissue sections and by isolating cells from each component and analyzing in vitro. Many blood vessel-like tissues were present in the paratenon and IFM but not in fascicles, and the vessels in the paratenon and IFM appeared to be inter-connected. Cells isolated from the paratenon and IFM displayed characteristics of vascular stem/progenitor cells expressing the markers CD105, CD31, with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) localized surrounding blood vessels. The isolated cells from paratenon and IFM also harbored abundant stem/progenitor cells as evidenced by their ability to form colonies and express stem cell markers including CD73 and CD146. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both paratenon and IFM-isolated cells were capable of undergoing multi-differentiation. In addition, both paratenon and IFM cells expressed elastin, osteocalcin, tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP), and collagen IV, whereas fascicle cells expressed none of these markers, except collagen I. The neurotransmitter substance P (SP) was also found in the paratenon and IFM-localized surrounding blood vessels. The findings of this study will help us to better understand the vascular and cellular mechanisms of tendon homeostasis, injury, healing, and regeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.