ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2021
Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 and 3 Gene Deletions in Strains from Nigeria, Sudan, and South Sudan.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes deletion in global settings (2010-2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Epidemiology of mutant Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2/3 genes in Eritrea 2 years after switching from HRP2-based RDTs.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- High Burden of Asymptomatic Malaria Among Schoolchildren in Nigeria: Diagnosis Challenges andPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Parasite population dynamics shaped P. falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletion expansion in the Peruvian Amazon.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characterisation of malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in conflict-affected zones of southern and eastern Sudan.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Are HRP2/3 deletions silently crippling malaria rapid diagnostic tests?The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Local variability inMalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- High Prevalence of Artemisinin-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Southeastern Sudan.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Assessment of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Deletions among Asymptomatic Children and Adults in Bagamoyo, Tanzania.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy ofExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Molecular surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 gene deletions in Mozambique, 2023.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Histidine-rich protein (hrp) 2-based RDT false-negatives and Plasmodium falciparum hrp 2 and 3 gene deletions in low, seasonal and intense perennial transmission zones in Cameroon: a cross - sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Arba Minch Zuria District, Gamo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Evolution of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions in Equatorial Guinea between the pre- and post-RDT introduction.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Evaluating Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Microscopy for Detecting Plasmodium Infection and Status of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2/3 Gene Deletions in Southeastern Nigeria.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Imported malaria into Australia: surveillance insights and opportunities.Journal of travel medicine · 2024Article
- Factors influencing health workers' adherence to malaria treatment guidelines in under-five children in Nigeria: A scoping review.MalariaWorld journal · 2024Article
- Evidence for a role of Anopheles stephensi in the spread of drug- and diagnosis-resistant malaria in Africa.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- First field and laboratory evaluation of LAMP assay for malaria diagnosis in Cubal, Angola.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Deletion of histidine-rich protein genes pfhrp2/3 in Plasmodium falciparum causes infections to go undetected by HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests. We analyzed P. falciparum malaria cases imported to Australia (n = 210, collected 2010-2018) for their pfhrp2/3 status. We detected gene deletions in patients from 12 of 25 countries. We found >10% pfhrp2-deletion levels in those from Nigeria (13.3%, n = 30), Sudan (11.2%, n = 39), and South Sudan (17.7%, n = 17) and low levels of pfhrp3 deletion from Sudan (3.6%) and South Sudan (5.9%). No parasites with pfhrp2/3 double deletions were detected. Microsatellite typing of parasites from Nigeria, Sudan, and South Sudan revealed low relatedness among gene-deleted parasites, indicating independent emergences. The gene deletion proportions signify a risk of false-negative HRP2-RDT results. This study's findings warrant surveillance to determine whether the prevalence of gene-deleted parasites justifies switching malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria, Sudan, and South Sudan.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.