ArticleZoological research2021
Parasitism is always costly to the host.
Article in Zoological research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- A synthesized framework for the evolutionary origins of avian obligate brood parasitism.Science advances · 2025Article
- Oriental reed warblers retain strong egg recognition abilities during the nestling stage.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Random egg laying in host nests, rather than egg-matching, explains patterns of cuckoo parasitism: a comment on ZhangProceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Nest sanitation behavior does not increase the likelihood of parasitic egg rejection in herring gulls.Current zoology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies have examined the cost of raising parasitic cuckoos and highlighted the importance of "no extra cost" in explaining the low levels of defense in hosts. To clarify the reasons for parasitization in typical hosts, we present a simple model to explore the immediate and future costs of parasitism in shaping the evolution of defense behavior in hosts. Our results suggest that any cost of parasitization is maladaptive to the host and learned egg recognition is always favored to overcome these costs. Furthermore, although facing a potential cost of mis-imprinting, learned nestling recognition may still evolve when there is a non-zero immediate cost from raising a parasitic nestling. Therefore, we contend that "no extra cost" does not provide sufficient evidence to explain the low levels of defense behavior in hosts
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.