Trial reportBasic research in cardiology2021
Effect of COMBinAtion therapy with remote ischemic conditioning and exenatide on the Myocardial Infarct size: a two-by-two factorial randomized trial (COMBAT-MI).
Trial report in Basic research in cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1RA) on Cardiac Structure and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized-Controlled Trials.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Cardioprotective efficacy of limb remote ischaemic preconditioning in rats: discrepancy between a meta-analysis and a three-centre in vivo study.Cardiovascular research · 2023Pooled it
- Spontaneous reperfusion enhances succinate concentration in peripheral blood from stemi patients but its levels does not correlate with myocardial infarct size or area at risk.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- A systematic review and meta-analyses of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in acute myocardial infarction.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2026Review
- Review
- The Perspective of Using Ischemic Tolerance in Clinical Practice.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Long-term prognostic value of microvascular obstruction by cardiac magnetic resonance in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Cardioprotection Reloaded: Reflections on 40 Years of Research.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Post ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care: A Scoping Review.Current epidemiology reports · 2025Review
- Underlying mechanisms and cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i and GLP-1Ra: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- Reperfusion Injury: How Can We Reduce It by Pre-, Per-, and Postconditioning.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Health position paper and redox perspectives on reactive oxygen species as signals and targets of cardioprotection.Redox biology · 2023Review
- Interaction of Cardiovascular Nonmodifiable Risk Factors, Comorbidities and Comedications With Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection by Pharmacological Treatments and Ischemic Conditioning.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Protective effect of ischaemic postconditioning combined with nicorandil on myocardial ischaemia‒reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Complementary Pharmacotherapy for STEMI Undergoing Primary PCI: An Evidence-Based Clinical Approach.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2022Review
- Preclinical multi-target strategies for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Peptides to Treat Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Helium Conditioning Increases Cardiac Fibroblast Migration Which Effect Is Not Propagated via Soluble Factors or Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation dilates cerebral arterioles, increases cerebral blood flow, and mediates remote (pre)conditioning neuroprotection against ischaemic stroke.Basic research in cardiology · 2021Article
- Citric Acid Cycle Metabolites Predict Infarct Size inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
39 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) and the GLP-1 analog exenatide activate different cardioprotective pathways and may have additive effects on infarct size (IS). Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of RIC as compared with sham procedure, and of exenatide, as compared with placebo, and the interaction between both, to reduce IS in humans. We designed a two-by-two factorial, randomized controlled, blinded, multicenter, clinical trial. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) within 6 h of symptoms were randomized to RIC or sham procedure and exenatide or matching placebo. The primary outcome was IS measured by late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance performed 3-7 days after PPCI. The secondary outcomes were myocardial salvage index, transmurality index, left ventricular ejection fraction and relative microvascular obstruction volume. A total of 378 patients were randomly allocated, and after applying exclusion criteria, 222 patients were available for analysis. There were no significant interactions between the two randomization factors on the primary or secondary outcomes. IS was similar between groups for the RIC (24 ± 11.8% in the RIC group vs 23.7 ± 10.9% in the sham group, P = 0.827) and the exenatide hypotheses (25.1 ± 11.5% in the exenatide group vs 22.5 ± 10.9% in the placebo group, P = 0.092). There were no effects with either RIC or exenatide on the secondary outcomes. Unexpected adverse events or side effects of RIC and exenatide were not observed. In conclusion, neither RIC nor exenatide, or its combination, were able to reduce IS in STEMI patients when administered as an adjunct to PPCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.