ArticleCommunications biology2021
Restoration of breathing after opioid overdose and spinal cord injury using temporal interference stimulation.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Progresses on temporal interference electromagnetic stimulation for non-invasive deep brain function modulation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in the application of temporal interference stimulation: a scoping review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Suppression of visceral nociception by C-fiber transmission block using temporal interference sinusoidal stimulation.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Surface circumferential spinal cord recording in freely moving rodents.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Physiological predictors of respiratory motor plasticity: A machine-learning reappraisal of phrenic motor facilitation.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2026Article
- Temporal Interference Electrical Stimulation for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms, Applications, and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Excitation and polarization of isolated neurons by high-frequency sine waves for temporal interference stimulation.Cell reports. Physical science · 2025Article
- An update on spinal cord injury and diaphragm neuromotor control.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2025Review
- Non-invasive Modulation of Deep Brain Nuclei by Temporal Interference Stimulation.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Target engagement of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex with transcranial temporal interference stimulation in major depressive disorder: a protocol for a randomized sham-controlled trial.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus.Nature neuroscience · 2023Article
- [Research progress on transcranial electrical stimulation for deep brain stimulation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2023Review
- A computational study on the optimization of transcranial temporal interfering stimulation with high-definition electrodes using unsupervised neural networks.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Upper limb prostheses: bridging the sensory gap.The Journal of hand surgery, European volume · 2023Review
- Cervical Epidural Electrical Stimulation Increases Respiratory Activity through Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Dorsal Cervical Spinal Cord in Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- A novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique: "Temporally interfering electrical stimulation".Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- A shock to the system: neurostimulation therapy for opioid-induced respiratory depression.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
- Phrenic motor neuron survival below cervical spinal cord hemisection.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- Electrical epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord: implications for spinal respiratory neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Respiratory insufficiency is a leading cause of death due to drug overdose or neuromuscular disease. We hypothesized that a stimulation paradigm using temporal interference (TI) could restore breathing in such conditions. Following opioid overdose in rats, two high frequency (5000 Hz and 5001 Hz), low amplitude waveforms delivered via intramuscular wires in the neck immediately activated the diaphragm and restored ventilation in phase with waveform offset (1 Hz or 60 breaths/min). Following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), TI stimulation via dorsally placed epidural electrodes uni- or bilaterally activated the diaphragm depending on current and electrode position. In silico modeling indicated that an interferential signal in the ventral spinal cord predicted the evoked response (left versus right diaphragm) and current-ratio-based steering. We conclude that TI stimulation can activate spinal motor neurons after SCI and prevent fatal apnea during drug overdose by restoring ventilation with minimally invasive electrodes.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.