ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Anomalous influenza seasonality in the United States and the emergence of novel influenza B viruses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A State of the Science Review of Wildfire-Specific Fine Particulate Matter Data Sources, Methods, and Models.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Pooled it
- Identifying the viral and epidemiological factors behind the apparent global extinction of influenza B/Yamagata.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Uncovering the post-pandemic timing of influenza, RSV, and COVID-19 driving seasonal influenza-like illness in the United States: a retrospective ecological study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Human broadly neutralizing influenza B virus antibodies recognizing hemagglutinin computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the mechanism behind the probable extinction of the B/Yamagata lineage of influenza B viruses.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Characterizing potential interaction between respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal influenza in the U.S.Epidemics · 2025Article
- How virus migration and meteorological elements shape the seasonality of influenza a/H3N2: A case study in China.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Competition between transmission lineages mediated by human mobility shapes seasonal influenza epidemics in the US.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Drug-Fc conjugate CD388 targets influenza virus neuraminidase and is broadly protective in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Neuraminidase-specific antibodies drive differential cross-protection between contemporary FLUBV lineages.Science advances · 2025Article
- Adenoviral-Vectored Multivalent Vaccine Provides Durable Protection Against Influenza B Viruses from Victoria-like and Yamagata-like Lineages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Respiratory pathogen spectrum and epidemiological trends in Hainan Province: a retrospective analysis from 2017 to 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Influenza B Virus Vaccine Innovation through Computational Design.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Commuting-driven competition between transmission chains shapes seasonal influenza virus epidemics in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The effect of nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza virus transmission.Frontiers in public health · 2024Observational
- Genome characterization of influenza A and B viruses in New South Wales, Australia, in 2019: A retrospective study using high-throughput whole genome sequencing.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Nowcasting and Forecasting Seasonal Influenza Epidemics - China, 2022-2023.China CDC weekly · 2023Article
- Co-evolution of immunity and seasonal influenza viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Existing Evidence for Influenza B Virus Adaptations to Drive Replication in Humans as the Primary Host.Viruses · 2023Review
- Disentangling the causes of mumps reemergence in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The 2019/2020 influenza season in the United States began earlier than any season since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, with an increase in influenza-like illnesses observed as early as August. Also noteworthy was the numerical domination of influenza B cases early in this influenza season, in contrast to their typically later peak in the past. Here, we dissect the 2019/2020 influenza season not only with regard to its unusually early activity, but also with regard to the relative dynamics of type A and type B cases. We propose that the recent expansion of a novel influenza B/Victoria clade may be associated with this shift in the composition and kinetics of the influenza season in the United States. We use epidemiological transmission models to explore whether changes in the effective reproduction number or short-term cross-immunity between these viruses can explain the dynamics of influenza A and B seasonality. We find support for an increase in the effective reproduction number of influenza B, rather than support for cross-type immunity-driven dynamics. Our findings have clear implications for optimal vaccination strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.