Trial reportThe British journal of ophthalmology2022
Simulation-based surgical education for glaucoma versus conventional training alone: the GLAucoma Simulated Surgery (GLASS) trial. A multicentre, multicountry, randomised controlled, investigator-masked educational intervention efficacy trial in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Trial report in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skills assessment after a grape-based microsurgical course for ophthalmology residents: randomised controlled trial.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Glaucoma Management Therapies and Clinical Outcomes in an African Population: A Review of Prospective Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Measuring the impact of medical education in resource limited settings: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to interprofessional simulation-based learning in a Ugandan medical school: a qualitative study.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Reducing the carbon footprint of cataract surgery: co-creating solutions with a departmental Delphi process.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Exploring the Role of Simulation Training in Improving Surgical Skills Among Residents: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Outcomes of Non-Penetrating Deep Sclerectomy for Primary Congenital Glaucoma Performed by Experienced versus Trainee Surgeons: A Cohort Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Modern Educational Simulation-Based Tools Among Residents of Ophthalmology: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
- Reworking protocols of ophthalmic resident surgical training in the COVID-19 era - Experiences of a tertiary care institute in northern India.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Experiences and Perceptions of Ophthalmic Simulation-Based Surgical Education in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of surgical educationArticle
- Validating the Calgary Simulation Curriculum: A Retrospective Review of Face and Content Validity of a Surgical Simulation Curriculum in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-facialeArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimGlaucoma accounts for 8% of global blindness and surgery remains an important treatment. We aimed to determine the impact of adding simulation-based surgical education for glaucoma.
methodsWe designed a randomised controlled, parallel-group trial. Those assessing outcomes were masked to group assignment. Fifty-one trainee ophthalmologists from six university training institutions in sub-Saharan Africa were enrolled by inclusion criteria of having performed no surgical trabeculectomies and were randomised. Those randomised to the control group received no placebo intervention, but received the training intervention after the initial 12-month follow-up period. The intervention was an intense simulation-based surgical training course over 1 week. The primary outcome measure was overall simulation surgical competency at 3 months.
resultsTwenty-five were assigned to the intervention group and 26 to the control group, with 2 dropouts from the intervention group. Forty-nine were included in the final intention-to-treat analysis. Surgical competence at baseline was comparable between the arms. This increased to 30.4 (76.1%) and 9.8 (24.4%) for the intervention and the control group, respectively, 3 months after the training intervention for the intervention group, a difference of 20.6 points (95% CI 18.3 to 22.9, p<0.001). At 1 year, the mean surgical competency score of the intervention arm participants was 28.6 (71.5%), compared with 11.6 (29.0%) for the control (difference 17.0, 95% CI 14.8 to 19.4, p<0.001).
conclusionThese results support the pursuit of financial, advocacy and research investments to establish simulation surgery training units and courses including instruction, feedback, deliberate practice and reflection with outcome measurement to enable trainee glaucoma surgeons to engage in intense simulation training for glaucoma surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PACTR201803002159198.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.