SynthesisParasites & vectors2021
Global distribution, host range and prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Equine trypanosomiasis, a systematic review and meta-analyses: Prevalence, morbidity and mortality.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Pooled it
- Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective.Parasites & vectors · 2025Pooled it
- Climate-Sensitive Redistribution of Veterinary Parasites: An Attribution Framework for One Health Surveillance and Control.Biology · 2026Review
- Trypanosome circulation in hematophagous flies in livestock-rearing areas of southern Benin: prevalence, species diversity, and associations with vertebrate hosts.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Prevalence, vector density and associated risk factors of caprine trypanosomosis: a cross-sectional study in Arbaminch, Southern Ethiopia.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Vector-borne diseases-knowledge maps.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Uninvited guests: diversity and specificity of Trypanosoma infections in frog-biting midges (Corethrella spp.).Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Activities ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- First Record ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prediction of the molecular action ofVeterinary world · 2025Article
- Allosteric inhibition of trypanosomatid pyruvate kinases by a camelid single-domain antibody.eLife · 2025Article
- Trypanosoma evansi infection in Tunisia: current situation.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Review
- Molecular and serological survey of Trypanosoma vivax in Crioulo Lageano Cattle from southern Brazil.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025Article
- Trypanosoma vivax elicits both Th1 and Th2 immunological responses in experimentally infected cattle.PloS one · 2025Article
- First Report ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Drug resistance in animal trypanosomiases: Epidemiology, mechanisms and control strategies.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2024Review
- Improved serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infections in cattle reveals high infection rates in the livestock regions of Argentina.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Genomic insights into the population history and adaptive traits of Latin American Criollo cattle.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTrypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is one of the diseases threatening the health and productivity of livestock in Africa and Latin America. Trypanosoma vivax is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies; however, the parasite has also acquired the ability to be transmitted mechanically by hematophagous dipterans. Understanding its distribution, host range and prevalence is a key step in local and global efforts to control the disease.
methodsThe study was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A systematic literature search was conducted on three search engines, namely PubMed, Scopus and CAB Direct, to identify all publications reporting natural infection of T. vivax across the world. All the three search engines were screened using the search term Trypanosoma vivax without time and language restrictions. Publications on T. vivax that met our inclusion criteria were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis.
resultThe study provides a global database of T. vivax, consisting of 899 records from 245 peer-reviewed articles in 41 countries. A total of 232, 6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, including a wide range of wild animals. Natural infections of T. vivax were recorded in 39 different African and Latin American countries and 47 mammalian host species. All the 245 articles were included into the qualitative analysis, while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis mainly to estimate the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence estimates of T. vivax in domestic buffalo, cattle, dog, dromedary camel, equine, pig, small ruminant and wild animals were 30.6%, 6.4%, 2.6%, 8.4%, 3.7%, 5.5%, 3.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Stratified according to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%) followed by equine (50.0%) and wild animals (49.3%).
conclusionThe study provides a comprehensive dataset on the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax and demonstrates the potential of this parasite to invade other countries out of Africa and Latin America.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.