ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06627049 (Virtual Reality Implantation in Paediatric Rehabilitation), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Virtual Reality Implantation in Paediatric Rehabilitation (IMPLANT-VR4 CHILD)
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metacognitive interventions for adolescents with mental disorders: a scoping review.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness and User Experience of Immersive Virtual Reality in Cognitive Rehabilitation for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of virtual reality-based exercise intervention in young people with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the evidence: a systematic review of reviews of the effectiveness and safety of digital interventions for ADHD.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating virtual reality technology in psychotherapy: impacts on anxiety, depression, and ADHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Music on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Potential Application in Serious Video Games: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Health Education Using Virtual Reality for Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · 2023Pooled it
- Child training in the Child ViReal Support Program: Combining iVR-based cognitive training and CBT techniques in a pilot study.PloS one · 2026Trial
- IAmHero: Preliminary Findings of an Experimental Study to Evaluate the Statistical Significance of an Intervention for ADHD Conducted through the Use of Serious Games in Virtual Reality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Effects of prolonged use of virtual reality smartphone-based head-mounted display on visual parameters: a randomised controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Motor Imagery Acquisition and Classification Using a Low-Cost 8-Channel EEG System in a VR ADHD Serious Game Environment: A Case Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Child and adolescent psychiatry: challenges, solutions, opportunities, and future directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Data-Driven Neurocognitive Clustering Predicts Virtual Reality Task Performance in Children: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Virtual reality interventions for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Integrating EEG Sensors with Virtual Reality to Support Students with ADHD.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acceptance of virtual reality to promote attention orientation in children: a qualitative study among children with ADHD and neurotypical development.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Virtual Reality-Based Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Symptoms in Children: Framework Development and Standardization Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Virtual Reality: Challenges and Perspectives in Mental Health.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Review
- Boosting Working Memory in ADHD: Adaptive Dual N-Back Training Enhances WAIS-IV Performance, but Yields Mixed Corsi Outcomes.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Virtual Reality as a Non-Pharmacological Aid for Reducing Anxiety in Pediatric Dental Procedures.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality-based interventions (VR-based interventions) on cognitive deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the PRISMA statement and the Cochrane Handbook guidelines for conducting meta-analyses. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Clinical trials published up to 29 October 2020, were included. The meta-analysis included four studies, with a population of 125 participants with ADHD. The magnitude of the effect was large for omissions (SMD = -1.38;
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.