ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2021
The Epidemiology of UK Autoimmune Liver Disease Varies With Geographic Latitude.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis.Gut · 2025Guideline
- Environmental shaping of tolerance failure in autoimmune liver diseases: a phenotype-specific framework with primary biliary cholangitis as the strongest model.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Temporal trends in the epidemiology of primary biliary cholangitis in the public healthcare system of Brazil: a large population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Characteristic geoepidemiology and phenotype of autoimmune hepatitis: an 8-year population-based study in Taiwan.Hepatology international · 2026Article
- Primary biliary cholangitis mortality in Europe: a temporal and spatial view across the period 2002-2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The Geoepidemiology of Autoimmune Hepatitis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Simvastatin Alleviates ConA-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis by Inhibiting CD4Inflammation · 2026Article
- Relation of climatic exposures with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in a two-center retrospective cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, comorbidities, treatments and outcomes of autoimmune liver diseases: A French nationwide study.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Implementation of a care bundle improves PBC management.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Macrophage Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease: From Bench to Bedside Applications.MedComm · 2025Review
- Liver diseases: epidemiology, causes, trends and predictions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Mortality in Autoimmune Liver Disease in Sweden: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 9,654 Patients.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- Causal Association Between Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Autoimmune Liver Disease: a Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Genetic association and causal relationship between multiple modifiable risk factors and autoimmune liver disease: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of autoimmune liver disease natural history in patients referred to Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) center.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Critical shortfalls in the management of PBC: Results of a UK-wide, population-based evaluation of care delivery.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Smoking is a Risk Factor for Autoimmune Hepatitis: An English Registry-Based Case-Control Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2024Article
- Global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis, 1970-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsThe epidemiology of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is challenging to study because of the diseases' rarity and because of cohort selection bias. Increased incidence farther from the Equator has been reported for multiple sclerosis, another autoimmune disease. We assessed the incidence of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in relation to latitude.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using anonymized UK primary care records from January 1, 2002, to May 10, 2016. All adults without a baseline diagnosis of AILD were included and followed up until the first occurrence of an AILD diagnosis, death, or they left the database. Latitude was measured as registered general practice rounded down to whole degrees.
resultsThe cohort included 8,590,421 records with 53.3 × 10
conclusionsWe describe an association in the United Kingdom between more northerly latitude and the incidence of PBC and AIH that requires both confirmation and explanation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.