ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2021
Appetitive, antinociceptive, and hypothermic effects of vaped and injected Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rats: exposure and dose-effect comparisons by strain and sex.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The monoterpenes ⍺-pinene and limonene augment or mitigate THC-induced impairments in sustained attention in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The SigmaPharmacological reports : PR · 2026Article
- THC induced similar physiological effects on HIV transgenic rats and their controls without affecting HIV-induced deficits in effortful motivation.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- THC and CBD differentially modulated gut microbiota in the Poly I:C rat model of schizophrenia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cannabis produces acute hyperphagia in humans and rodents via increased reward valuation for, and motivation to, acquire food.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Synaptic signatures of perinatal cannabinoids: A systematic review of rodent hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Chronic inflammatory pain and chronic THC vapor inhalation alter midbrain neuronal activity.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Assessment of the associative determinants of tolerance to the effects of cannabis extract on exploratory behavior in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Article
- THC Vapor Inhalation Attenuates Hyperalgesia in Rats Using a Chronic Inflammatory Pain Model.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Roadmap for the expression of canonical and extended endocannabinoid system receptors and metabolic enzymes in peripheral organs of preclinical animal models.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Rats chasing the dragon: A new heroin inhalation method.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2024Article
- ΔCannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Article
- Effects of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol combinations on a sustained attention task in rats.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Propylene glycol and Kolliphor as solvents for systemic delivery of cannabinoids via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes in preclinical studies: a comparative technical note.Journal of cannabis research · 2023Article
- Vaporized Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation in Female Sprague Dawley Rats: A Pharmacokinetic and Behavioral Assessment.Current pharmaceutical design · 2023Article
- Cannabinoid tetrad effects of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) in male and female rats: sex, dose-effects and time course evaluations.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Effects of combined THC and heroin vapor inhalation in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Structure-activity relationships for 5F-MDMB-PICA and its 5F-pentylindole analogs to induce cannabinoid-like effects in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Modulation of type 1 cannabinoid receptor activity by cannabinoid by-products fromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Advances in drug vapor exposure systems have enabled evaluation of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor effects in laboratory animals. The purpose of this study was to 1) establish a range of parameters of THC vapor exposure in rats sufficient to produce a behavioral dose-effect curve in a battery of tasks sensitive to THC; and 2) to investigate sex differences in the effects of THC vapor exposure and THC injection (intraperitoneal, IP) on these behaviors in two strains of outbred rats. Male and female Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats (N = 22, 5-6/sex per group) received THC via passive vapor exposure (200 mg/mL; 5 conditions) and IP injection (1-20 mg/kg) in a within subject design. The effects of vaped and injected THC on appetite was determined using progressive ratio responding for food pellets. THC effects on nociception, measured using the tail withdrawal assay, and body temperature were also assessed during a 5-h test period for evaluation of time course of effects. Plasma THC concentrations were assessed after THC vapor and 10 mg/kg IP THC. THC vapor produced exposure-related increases and decreases in motivation to obtain food under the progressive ratio schedule. IP THC (3-20 mg/kg) reduced breakpoints. Vaped and injected THC produced exposure and dose-dependent antinociception and hypothermia. Sex and strain differences in THC effects were also observed. Plasma THC concentrations were higher after 10 mg/kg IP THC (152 ng/mL) compared to the highest vapor exposure condition tested (38 ng/mL), but magnitude of behavioral effects were comparable. THC vapor exposure produced reliable, dose orderly effects on food-maintained behavior, nociception, and body temperature that are comparable to effects of IP THC, although there were differences in the time course of behavioral outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.