ReviewEndocrine reviews2021
Progress and Challenges in the Biology of FNDC5 and Irisin.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04786522 (Influence of Irisin on Muscle Quality in a Cohort of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 137 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Influence of Irisin on Muscle Quality in a Cohort of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of habitual cold exposure on brown adipose tissue activity in Arctic adults: a systematic review.International journal of circumpolar health · 2025Pooled it
- Protective role of irisin on bone in osteoporosis: a systematic review of rodent studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Irisin Level and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Circulating irisin levels in patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European geriatric medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The mechanisms of exercise improving cardiovascular function by stimulating Piezo1 and TRP ion channels: a systemic review.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reduced serum Irisin levels in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional case-control study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Change in circulating irisin level and its association with lipid metabolism after exenatide treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sex specific effects of irisin on the skeleton.Bone research · 2026Review
- Bridging exercise biology and immunometabolism: A novel irisin pathway toward next-generation metabolic and neurodegenerative therapies.Metabolism open · 2026Review
- Exercise-induced myokines in metabolic regulation: mechanisms, mimetics, and translational potential.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Review
- Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of mechanical unloading on the irisin precursor, FNDC5, in skeletal muscle of sheep as a large animal experimental model.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- The Myokine Irisin Represents an Indirect Pathway Linking Exercise to Hippocampal Subfields Relevant to Alzheimer's Disease and Neurogenesis.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Irisin as a Regulator of Brain Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases.Cells · 2026Review
- Cascade Therapy of Periodontitis via Sequential Release of Ribosome-Targeting Antimicrobial Peptide and Irisin From a Multifunctional MOF-Based System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- ANKRD53 is downregulated in human obesity and coordinates lipolysis with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in adipocytes.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Irisin inhibits adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the SIRT1/RANBP2/FTO signaling axis and protects against osteoporosis.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Irisin alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating the autophagic SIRT3 pathway.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2002, a transmembrane protein-now known as FNDC5-was discovered and shown to be expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. It was virtually ignored for 10 years, until a study in 2012 proposed that, in response to exercise, the ectodomain of skeletal muscle FNDC5 was cleaved, traveled to white adipose tissue, and induced browning. The wasted energy of this browning raised the possibility that this myokine, named irisin, might mediate some beneficial effects of exercise. Since then, more than 1000 papers have been published exploring the roles of irisin. A major interest has been on adipose tissue and metabolism, following up the major proposal from 2012. Many studies correlating plasma irisin levels with physiological conditions have been questioned for using flawed assays for irisin concentration. However, experiments altering irisin levels by injecting recombinant irisin or by gene knockout are more promising. Recent discoveries have suggested potential roles of irisin in bone remodeling and in the brain, with effects potentially related to Alzheimer's disease. We discuss some discrepancies between research groups and the mechanisms that are yet to be determined. Some important questions raised in the initial discovery of irisin, such as the role of the mutant start codon of human FNDC5 and the mechanism of ectodomain cleavage, remain to be answered. Apart from these specific questions, a promising new tool has been developed-mice with a global or tissue-specific knockout of FNDC5. In this review, we critically examine the current knowledge and delineate potential solutions to resolve existing ambiguities.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.