ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Intrapartum Antibiotic Exposure and Body Mass Index in Children.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Strategies for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Infection in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Aberrant Growth in 5-Year-Old Children After Antibiotics in the First Week of Life.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Trial
- Perinatal ampicillin exposure alters murine maternal fecal bile acid and acylcarnitine profiles.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Time to rethink prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Exposure Through Human Milk Influences the Infant Gut Microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Early-life antibiotic exposure and the risk of overweight and obesity in children.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Influence of perinatal ampicillin exposure on maternal fecal microbial and metabolic profiles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Exposure and Childhood Overweight/Obesity: Evidence from Epidemiological and Experimental Studies.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Intrapartum antibiotic exposure and infectious diseases in childhood - a population-based cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Decreasing Antibiotic Use in a Community Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Initiative.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Early-onset group B streptococcal infections in five Nordic countries with different prevention policies, 1995 to 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Association of delivery risk phenotype with early-onset sepsis in preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Associations of intrapartum antibiotics and growth, atopy, gastrointestinal and sleep outcomes at one year of age.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Higher body mass index after intrapartum antibiotic exposure in children persists over 10-years.Pediatric obesity · 2023Article
- Group B Streptococcus Infection in Extremely Preterm Neonates and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 2 Years.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Observational
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) reduces a newborn's risk of group B streptococcal infection (GBS) but may lead to an increased childhood body mass index (BMI).
methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of infants (n = 223 431) born 2007-2015 in an integrated healthcare system. For vaginal delivery, we compared children exposed to GBS-IAP and to any other type or duration of intrapartum antibiotics to no antibiotic exposure. For cesarean delivery, we compared children exposed to GBS-IAP to those exposed to all other intrapartum antibiotics, including surgical prophylaxis. BMI over 5 years was compared using nonlinear multivariate models with B-spline functions, stratified by delivery mode and adjusted for demographics, maternal factors, breastfeeding, and childhood antibiotic exposure.
resultsIn vaginal deliveries, GBS-IAP was associated with higher BMI from 0.5 to 5.0 years of age compared to no antibiotics (P < .0001 for all time points, ΔBMI at age 5 years 0.12 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .07-.16 kg/m2). Other antibiotics were associated with higher BMI from 0.3 to 5.0 years of age. In cesarean deliveries, GBS-IAP was associated with increased BMI from 0.7 years to 5.0 years of age (P < .05 for 0.7-0.8 years, P < .0001 for all other time points) compared to other antibiotics (ΔBMI at age 5 years 0.24 kg/m2, 95% CI: .14-.34 kg/m2). Breastfeeding did not modify these associations.
conclusionsGBS-IAP was associated with a small but sustained increase in BMI starting at very early age. This association highlights the need to better understand the effects of perinatal antibiotic exposure on childhood health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.