Observational studyJournal of medical Internet research2021
Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data.
Observational study in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Sleepless in Society: Introducing the Concept of Public Sleep.Clocks & sleep · 2026Article
- Sleep timing and duration for working adults in the United States before and since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Relationship between insomnia and working from home among Korean domestic workers: results from the 5th Korean working condition survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Association of Sleep Duration and Use of Sleeping Medication with Multimorbidity in Adults: Results from the PAMPA (Brazil) Cohort Study.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Article
- How did trends in sleep duration in 2020 compare to previous years and how did they vary by sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment?Sleep medicine · 2023Article
- Insomnia symptoms predict longer COVID-19 symptom duration.Sleep medicine · 2023Article
- Working-from-home persistently influences sleep and physical activity 2 years after the Covid-19 pandemic onset: a longitudinal sleep tracker and electronic diary-based study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Circadian rhythms in infectious diseases and symbiosis.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2022Review
- Prior sleep-wake behaviors are associated with mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among adult users of a wearable device in the United States.Sleep health · 2022Article
- Postpartum sleep health in a multiethnic cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.Sleep health · 2022Article
- Article
- Resolving delayed sleep-wake phase disorder with a pandemic: two case reports.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Sleep and Alcohol Use Patterns During Federal Holidays and Daylight Saving Time Transitions in the United States.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Changes in sleep patterns of college students in Israel during COVID-19 lockdown, a sleep diaries study.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2022Article
- The effect of COVID-19 public health restrictions on the health of people with musculoskeletal conditions and symptoms: the CONTAIN study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Home-Based Sleep Sensor Measurements in an Older Australian Population: Before and during a Pandemic.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Sleep during COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-cultural study investigating job system relevance.Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmid the COVID-19 pandemic, public health policies to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, have resulted in significant alterations to daily routines (eg, work-from-home policies) that may have enabled longer sleep duration among the general population.
objectiveWe aimed to examine changes in estimated sleep duration in 5 major metropolitan areas before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsWe conducted a prospective observational study using estimated sleep duration data obtained from a smartphone app. The data were obtained from regular users of the smartphone app before and after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. We compared within-subject estimated sleep duration before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using generalized linear mixed models.
resultsAmong the 2,871,037 observations, 957,022 (33.3%) were from users in London; 549,151 (19.1%) were from users in Los Angeles; 846,527 (29.5%) were from users in New York City; 251,113 (8.7%) were from users in Seoul; and 267,224 (9.3%) were from users in Stockholm. The average age of the users in the sample was 35 years (SE 11 years). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, people residing in Seoul had the shortest estimated sleep duration (mean 6 hours 28 minutes, SE 11.6 minutes) and those residing in Stockholm had the longest estimated sleep duration (mean 7 hours 34 minutes, SE 9.9 minutes). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 13.7 minute increase in estimated sleep duration when comparing March 2019 and March 2020 (95% CI 13.1-14.3, P<.001) and an increase of 22.3 minutes when comparing April 2019 and April 2020 (95% CI 21.5-23.1, P<.001).
conclusionsThe average estimated sleep duration increased sharply in the months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding suggests that the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies has provided people worldwide with increased opportunities to sleep, which may enhance the response of the immune system to viral pathogens.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.