ArticleThe EMBO journal2021
CRYPTOCHROMES confer robustness, not rhythmicity, to circadian timekeeping.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated Analysis ofBiomolecules · 2026Article
- A novel circadian behavior rhythm in arrhythmiciScience · 2025Article
- Design of intrinsically disordered region binding proteins.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Role of circadian rhythms in heart failure: insights from myocardial energy metabolism.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Coevolution ofiScience · 2025Article
- Methamphetamine alters the circadian oscillator and its couplings on multiple scales inPNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Circadian Control of Protein Synthesis.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- PERspectives on circadian cell biology.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Development of compounds for targeted degradation of mammalian cryptochrome proteins.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Chronic CRYPTOCHROME deficiency enhances cell-intrinsic antiviral defences.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Liver as a nexus of daily metabolic cross talk.International review of cell and molecular biology · 2025Review
- The SnackerTracker: A novel home-cage monitoring device for measuring food-intake and food-seeking behaviour in mice.Wellcome open research · 2025Article
- Rhythms in lipid droplet content driven by a metabolic oscillator are conserved throughout evolution.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Pharmacological Modulation of the Cytosolic Oscillator Affects Glioblastoma Cell Biology.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Disordered clock protein interactions and charge blocks turn an hourglass into a persistent circadian oscillator.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Case for the Target of Rapamycin Pathway as a Candidate Circadian Oscillator.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Endogenous circadian reporters reveal functional differences ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Circadian disruption in lung fibroblasts enhances NF-κB activity to exacerbate neutrophil recruitment.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2023Article
- Cryptochrome 1 as a state variable of the circadian clockwork of the suprachiasmatic nucleus: Evidence from translational switching.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Multiscale Time-resolved Analysis Reveals Remaining Behavioral Rhythms in Mice Without Canonical Circadian Clocks.Journal of biological rhythms · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are a pervasive property of mammalian cells, tissues and behaviour, ensuring physiological adaptation to solar time. Models of cellular timekeeping revolve around transcriptional feedback repression, whereby CLOCK and BMAL1 activate the expression of PERIOD (PER) and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY), which in turn repress CLOCK/BMAL1 activity. CRY proteins are therefore considered essential components of the cellular clock mechanism, supported by behavioural arrhythmicity of CRY-deficient (CKO) mice under constant conditions. Challenging this interpretation, we find locomotor rhythms in adult CKO mice under specific environmental conditions and circadian rhythms in cellular PER2 levels when CRY is absent. CRY-less oscillations are variable in their expression and have shorter periods than wild-type controls. Importantly, we find classic circadian hallmarks such as temperature compensation and period determination by CK1δ/ε activity to be maintained. In the absence of CRY-mediated feedback repression and rhythmic Per2 transcription, PER2 protein rhythms are sustained for several cycles, accompanied by circadian variation in protein stability. We suggest that, whereas circadian transcriptional feedback imparts robustness and functionality onto biological clocks, the core timekeeping mechanism is post-translational.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.