ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2022
Intranasal drug delivery: opportunities and toxicologic challenges during drug development.
Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 261 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
261 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Multispecies Systematic and Critical Review of Intranasal Administration in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Emergency Care: Promising Evidence and Overlooked Challenges.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Pooled it
- Flavonoids in Nasal Therapeutics: Biological Activities, Delivery Challenges, and Formulation Strategies-A Systematic Review.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative safety and sedation effectiveness of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for preoperative anxiety reduction in pediatric surgical patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Intranasal esketamine plus dexmedetomidine versus dexmedetomidine alone for emergence delirium in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Intranasal administration of stem cell derivatives for the treatment of AD animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Oxytocin in old age psychiatry: A systematic review of the safety of using intranasal oxytocin in older adults.Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Progress, critical challenges, and translational prospects of intranasal administration of botanical essential oils for the treatment of depression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- A Novel Standardized Dexmedetomidine Nasal Spray Formulation for Procedural Sedation During Venous Port Implantation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of a Novel Rivastigmine Nasal Spray Compared to Rivastigmine Oral Capsule in Healthy Men.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of intranasal amiloride in healthy volunteers.Clinical and translational science · 2023Trial
- Median effective dose of esketamine for intranasal premedication in children with congenital heart disease.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- Redefining intranasal brain delivery: from nasal entry to meaningful parenchymal and cellular exposure.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Modelling Olfactory Dysfunction in Rodents Through Intranasal Vanadium Exposure.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Antidepressant Effects of Lactoferrin-Modified Sodium Alginate-Based Saikosaponin A Nanogels via Intranasal Administration: Involvement of Olfactomedin-Family Proteins.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intranasal Tat-modified PEG-PCL nanomicelles delivering anti-RelA siRNA attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Human Factors and Device Engineering in OTC Intranasal Drug Delivery: GentleMist Technology™.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Chromatographic Characterization of Nasal and Inhalation Drug Products: A Review of Liquid Chromatography Strategies for Formulation Assessment, Particle Size Correlation, and In Vitro Performance Testing.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Review
- Development of an In Vitro Permeation Test Framework For Naloxone Hydrochloride Intranasal Spray: Establishing IVIVR for Bioequivalence Assessment.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- A design of experiments study of nasal spray deposition in the alberta idealized nasal inlet.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Imaging of intranasal drug delivery to the brain: updated review 2.0.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
201 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, the interest in intranasal drug delivery in pharmaceutical R&D has increased. This review article summarises information on intranasal administration for local and systemic delivery, as well as for CNS indications. Nasal delivery offers many advantages over standard systemic delivery systems, such as its non-invasive character, a fast onset of action and in many cases reduced side effects due to a more targeted delivery. There are still formulation limitations and toxicological aspects to be optimised. Intranasal drug delivery in the field of drug development is an interesting delivery route for the treatment of neurological disorders. Systemic approaches often fail to efficiently supply the CNS with drugs. This review paper describes the anatomical, histological and physiological basis and summarises currently approved drugs for administration via intranasal delivery. Further, the review focuses on toxicological considerations of intranasally applied compounds and discusses formulation aspects that need to be considered for drug development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.