ArticleWater research X2021
Capsid integrity quantitative PCR to determine virus infectivity in environmental and food applications - A systematic review.
Article in Water research X, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Have genetic targets for faecal pollution diagnostics and source tracking revolutionized water quality analysis yet?FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Pooled it
- TLR/NF-κB activation in vitro as a tool in the assessment of occupational bioaerosol exposure and health risks in wastewater treatment plants.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Viability RT-qPCR Assay for Detecting Infectious Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV).Journal of fish diseases · 2026Article
- Evaluating Viral Pollution in Wastewater and Mediterranean Ecosystems.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Molecular Differentiation of Intact West Nile Virus Using a PMAxx™-Enabled Digital PCR Workflow.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of viability PCR reagents highlights the superior efficacy of PMAxx azo dye for bacterial and viral viability discrimination using real-time and digital PCR.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Environmental and microbial factors shaping SARS-CoV-2 RNA decay in wastewater: insights from batch tests and a lab-scale sewer pipeline simulator.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Methods for detecting highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in dairy processing environments.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Presence of Potentially Infectious Human Enteric Viruses and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Mussels from the Campania Region, Italy: Implications for Consumer's Safety.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Measurement of the Infection and Integrity of Monkeypox Virus: A New Method Using PMAxx-ddPCR.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Three Viral Capsid Integrity qPCR Methods for Wastewater-Based Viral Surveillance.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Advancements in research on the precise eradication of cancer cells through nanophotocatalytic technology.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Investigating the Presence and Genetic Variability of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Live Markets in Border Cities of Northeast China.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Plate-Based High-Throughput Fluorescence Assay for Assessing Enveloped Virus Integrity.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
- Rapid Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Integrity and Infectivity by Using Propidium Monoazide Coupled with Digital Droplet PCR.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- PMAxx-RT-qPCR to Determine Human Norovirus Inactivation Following High-Pressure Processing of Oysters.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Impact of Nanoparticle-Based TiOFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Persistence of Infectious Human Norovirus in Estuarine Water.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Propidium monoazide PCR, a method to determine OsHV-1 undamaged capsids and to estimate virus Lethal Dose 50.Virus research · 2024Review
- Can qPCR replace the standard plaque assay in the ASTM F1671 to assess personal protective equipment barrier performance?International journal of clothing science & technology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Capsid integrity quantitative PCR (qPCR), a molecular detection method for infectious viruses combining azo dye pretreatment with qPCR, has been widely used in recent years; however, variations in pretreatment conditions for various virus types can limit the efficacy of specific protocols. By identifying and critically synthesizing forty-one recent peer-reviewed studies employing capsid integrity qPCR for viruses in the last decade (2009-2019) in the fields of food safety and environmental virology, we aimed to establish recommendations for the detection of infectious viruses. Intercalating dyes are effective measures of viability in PCR assays provided the viral capsid is damaged; viruses that have been inactivated by other causes, such as loss of attachment or genomic damage, are less well detected using this approach. Although optimizing specific protocols for each virus is recommended, we identify a framework for general assay conditions. These include concentrations of ethidium monoazide, propidium monoazide or its derivates between 10 and 200 μM; incubation on ice or at room temperature (20 - 25 °C) for 5-120 min; and dye activation using LED or high light (500-800 Watts) exposure for periods ranging from 5 to 20 min. These simple steps can benefit the investigation of infectious virus transmission in routine (water) monitoring settings and during viral outbreaks such as the current COVID-19 pandemic or endemic diseases like dengue fever.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.