Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33489756›Full record

ArticleIDCases2021

False reactive HIV-1 diagnostic test results in an individual from Kenya on multiple testing platforms-A case report.

Jew Ochola, Michelle Imbach, Leigh Anne Eller, Mark de Souza, Chiaka Nwoga, June Doryne Otieno, Lucas Otieno, Eric Rono, Edwin Kamau, Trevor A Crowell and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in IDCases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.1field-weighted citation impact, top 47% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Jew OcholaHJF Medical Research International, Kisumu, Kenya.
Michelle ImbachU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Leigh Anne EllerU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Mark de SouzaU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Chiaka NwogaU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
June Doryne OtienoU.S. Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa, Kisumu, Kenya.
Lucas OtienoU.S. Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa, Kisumu, Kenya.
Eric RonoU.S. Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa, Kisumu, Kenya.
Edwin KamauU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Trevor A CrowellU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
John Kevin OwuothHJF Medical Research International, Kisumu, Kenya.
Christina S PolyakU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Valentine Sing'oeiHJF Medical Research International, Kisumu, Kenya.
RV393 Study Group
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research · USHenry M. Jackson Foundation · USKenya Medical Research Institute · KEUnited States Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa · KE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRapid diagnostic tests (RDT) are routinely used in screening for HIV infection. More complex diagnostic algorithms incorporating fourth-generation screening and confirmatory HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassays (IA) may be used to confirm HIV infection. Co-infections and autoimmune diseases may lead to falsely reactive HIV diagnostic test results. CASE PRESENTATION: A Kenyan man with asymptomatic schistosomiasis and low risk factors for HIV infection demonstrated an inconsistent and discordant pattern of reactivity on HIV RDT, repeated reactivity on fourth-generation IA and positive at a single time-point for HIV-1 on the Geenius HIV1/HIV2 confirmatory assay during the course of a prospective cohort study with HIV repeat testing. The individual initiated antiretroviral therapy following HIV diagnosis. However, his bi-annual behavioral questionnaire suggested low-risk factors for infection. Supplementary confirmatory serologic and nucleic acid tests were performed and gave discordant results. The participant was determined to be HIV uninfected using cell-associated HIV-1 DNA/RNA testing and antiretroviral therapy was discontinued. DISCUSSION AND

conclusionsSole reliance on diagnostic test results may result in misdiagnosis of HIV infection, social harm and potential antiretroviral induced drug toxicity. Interpretation of HIV test results should incorporate multiple parameters.

Indexed as

Confirmatory testDiscriminatory assayFalse reactiveFourth-generationIndeterminate

Identifiers

PMID33489756
PMCPMC7808907
OpenAlexW3116621508

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.