ArticleAmerican journal of clinical and experimental immunology2020
Association of toxic indoor air with multi-organ symptoms in pupils attending a moisture-damaged school in Finland.
Article in American journal of clinical and experimental immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indoor air bacterial and fungal burden in the environment of an atopic child: implications for elevated urine mycotoxin levels.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2026Article
- Critical insights on fungal contamination in schools: a comprehensive review of assessment methods.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- In Search of Clinical Markers: Indicators of Exposure in Dampness and Mold Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DMHS).Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Biomonitoring of Indoor Air Fungal or Chemical Toxins withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Toxic Indoor Air Is a Potential Risk of Causing Immuno Suppression and Morbidity-A Pilot Study.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Transmission and microevolution of methicillin-resistantFrontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is an on-going debate on how best to test toxic indoor air. Toxicological methods based on condensed water samples and cell culture technique are newly introduced research tools which were tested in this study.
methodsPupils (n=47) from a water-damaged and (n=56) healthy schools were interviewed using a questionnaire. Indoor air was collected with a novel condensed water sampling technique and human THP-1 macrophages were exposed to the condensate. The cytotoxicity of cotton wool swab samples was tested using human BJ fibroblasts. Conventional microbiological culture methods were also performed.
resultsGastrointestinal problems (GI) were reported by 51% from the study cohort but only 4% of the control cohort, relative risk RR=14.30. For any neurological or neuropsychological symptoms, the RR was 63.04, muscular-skeletal pain RR=58.28, headache RR=31.00, respiratory symptoms RR=22.64, fatigue RR=21.45, sub febrility RR=15.49, ear infections RR=7.74, skin rash RR=5.96, all being statistically significant (P<0.001). All indoor air (n=7) and cotton wool samples (n=2) taken from the water-damaged classroom or in proximity of the problematic classrooms were toxic in cell culture assays. Low numbers of moisture-damage indicators were recovered from wall, passive air, and swab samples, namely
conclusionsIndoor air toxicity and dampness-related microbiota recovered from the classrooms were associated with multi-organ morbidity of the school occupants. These results corroborated our previous reports from two adult cohorts i.e. evidence of causality. These new toxicological methods based on condensed water and cell culturing techniques seem to be superior to conventional microbiological methods in correlating with clinical symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33489478PMC7811924W3126141541What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.