ReviewClinical & translational immunology2021
Designing the next-generation therapeutic vaccines to cure chronic hepatitis B: focus on antigen presentation, vaccine properties and effect measures.
Review in Clinical & translational immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Protein quality control and antigen presentation in the development of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- mRNA-LNP vaccines against hepatitis B virus induce protective immune responses in preventive and chronic mouse challenge models.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of PIKA-adjuvanted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit vaccine in healthy adults: an open-label randomized phase I clinical trial.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Article
- Dysfunction and regulatory interplay of T and B cells in chronic hepatitis B: immunotherapy and emerging antiviral strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Recent Insights into the Role of B Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Relevance of HBx for Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Induction of broad multifunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T cells by hepatitis B virus antigen-based synthetic long peptidesFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B Therapeutic Vaccine: A Patent Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- [Vaccination against hepatitis B as prevention for hepatocellular carcinoma].Der Onkologe : Organ der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft e.V · 2022Review
- CD4Cells · 2021Review
- Life-long passion for antiviral research and drug development: 80th birthday of Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq.Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the mid-90s, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-directed immune responses were for the first time investigated in detail and revealed suboptimal T-cell responses in chronic HBV patients. Based on these studies, therapeutic vaccination exploiting the antigen presentation capacity of dendritic cells to prime and/or boost HBV-specific T-cell responses was considered highly promising. Now, 25 years later, it has not yet delivered this promise. In this review, we summarise what has been clinically tested in terms of antigen targets and vaccine forms, how the immunological and therapeutic effects of these vaccines were assessed and what major clinical and immunological findings were reported. We combine the lessons learned from these trials with the most recent insights on HBV antigen presentation, T-cell responses, vaccine composition, antiviral and immune-modulatory drugs and disease biomarkers to derive novel opportunities for the next generation of therapeutic vaccines designed to cure chronic HBV either alone or in combination therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.