ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Photochemical Internalization Enhanced Vaccination Is Safe, and Gives Promising Cellular Immune Responses to an HPV Peptide-Based Vaccine in a Phase I Clinical Study in Healthy Volunteers.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vivo human keyhole limpet hemocyanin challenge in early phase drug development: A systematic review.Clinical and translational science · 2023Pooled it
- The current landscape of therapeutic vaccination approaches for treatment of HPV-dependent malignancies.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Photochemical enhancement of PD-L1-SAP immunotoxin efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Enhancing antitumour immunity with photodynamic therapy.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2025Article
- Enhancement of HPV therapeutic peptide-based vaccine efficacy through combination therapies and improved delivery strategies: A review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- In Vitro Photoselective Gene Transfection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells with Hypericin Lipopolyplexes.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Tailoring biomaterials for vaccine delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Adjuvants for cancer mRNA vaccines in the era of nanotechnology: strategies, applications, and future directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Meta-analysis of the correlation between vaginal microenvironment and HPV infection.American journal of translational research · 2023Review
- Spotlight on Photoactivatable Liposomes beyond Drug Delivery: An Enabler of Multitargeting of Molecular Pathways.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2022Review
- Review
- Photochemically-Mediated Inflammation and Cross-Presentation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a technology for inducing release of endocytosed antigens into the cell cytosol Methods: The primary objective of the study was to assess the safety and local tolerance of PCI mediated vaccination, and to identify a safe fimaporfin dose for later clinical studies. A secondary objective was to analyze the immunological responses to the vaccination. Each subject received 3 doses of HPV16 E7 peptide antigens and two doses of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) protein. A control group received Hiltonol and vaccine antigens only, whereas the PCI groups in addition received fimaporfin + light. Local and systemic adverse effects were assessed by standard criteria, and cellular and humoral immune responses were analyzed by ELISpot, flow cytometry, and ELISA assays. Results: 96 healthy volunteers were vaccinated with fimaporfin doses of 0.75-50 µg. Doses below 17.5 µg were safe and tolerable, higher doses exhibited local tolerability issues in some study subjects, mainly erythema, and pain during illumination. There were few, and only mild and expected systemic adverse events. The employment of PCI increased the number of subjects exhibiting a T-cell response to the HPV peptide vaccine about 10-fold over what was achieved with the antigen/Hiltonol combination without PCI. Moreover, the use of PCI seemed to result in a more consistent and multifunctional CD8+ T-cell response. An enhancement of the humoral immune response to KLH vaccination was also observed. Conclusions: Using PCI in combination with Hiltonol for intradermal vaccination is safe at fimaporfin doses below 17.5 µg, and gives encouraging immune responses to peptide and protein based vaccination.
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