Trial reportInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Comparison of Dry-Powder Inhaler and Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler Formulations of Extrafine Beclomethasone Dipropionate/Formoterol Fumarate/Glycopyrronium in Patients with COPD: The TRI-D Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03590379 (A Phase II, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Active-controlled, 3-way Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of CHF 5993 Administered Via Dry Powder Inhaler), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Active-controlled, 3-way Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of CHF 5993 Administered Via Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) Versus CHF 5993 Via Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) and CHF 1535 pMDI in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Safety of Glycopyrronium-Formoterol-Budesonide Triple Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AIR-FORCE): An Open-Label Multi-Centric Phase 4 Study.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Trial
- Optimizing Respiratory Care with NEXThaler: Bridging Technology and Treatment.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Utilization and access to metered-dose inhalers and sustainable alternatives among older adults in the United States: a population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- The comparative effectiveness and safety of fluticasone-salmeterol via metered-dose versus dry powder inhalers for COPD: A new user cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- Development of Novel Fluticasone/Salmeterol/Tiotropium-Loaded Dry Powder Inhaler and Bioequivalence Assessment to Commercial Products in Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Association of Corticosteroid Inhaler Type with Saliva Microbiome in Moderate-to-Severe Pediatric Asthma.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Effect of low climate impact vs. high climate impact inhalers for patients with asthma and COPD-a nationwide cohort analysis.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- TRITRIAL: The Impact of Fixed Triple Therapy with Beclometasone/Formoterol/Glycopyrronium on Health Status and Adherence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in an Italian Context of Real Life.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Observational
- The effect of inhaled extrafine beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium bromide on distal and central airway indices, assessed using Functional Respiratory Imaging in COPD (DARWiIN).Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Use of single-inhaler triple therapy in the management of obstructive airway disease: Indian medical experts' review.ERJ open research · 2022Review
- Matching the Inhaler to the Patient in COPD.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThree 52-week studies in COPD have assessed the efficacy and safety of single-inhaler extrafine formulation triple therapy combining beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), formoterol fumarate (FF) and glycopyrronium (G) delivered via pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). BDP/FF/G is now being developed for delivery via multi-dose dry-powder inhaler (DPI; NEXThaler). This study aimed to demonstrate non-inferiority of BDP/FF/G DPI vs pMDI for lung function.
methodsMulticenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, three-way cross-over study in patients with COPD and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV
resultsOf 449 patients screened, 366 were randomized, with 342 (93.4%) completing all three treatment periods. The primary objectives were met, with changes from baseline in FEV
conclusionExtrafine BDP/FF/G DPI and pMDI demonstrated similar efficacy and safety in patients with COPD, supporting the DPI formulation as a valid alternative.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.