ArticleVirulence2021
Toll-like receptor 4 mediates blood-brain barrier permeability and disease in C3H mice during Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection.
Article in Virulence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Arboviral infections of the central nervous system: Mechanisms of invasion and long-term consequences.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection causes chronic neurobehavioral outcomes, cellular remodeling, and hippocampal single-cell transcriptomic changes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: novel live-attenuated vaccines for inducing complete protective immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Impact of mutations affecting 4'-fluorouridine susceptibility on fitness and treatment outcomes for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus: Structural Biology, Vaccines, and Advances in Functional Antibodies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Thyroid Hormone T4 Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury by Enhancing Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- High binding potency overcomes the requirement of Fc effector functions for broadly reactive anti-alphavirus antibodies.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Broad spectrum antiviral BDGR-164 provides protection against lethal neurotropic alphavirus infection in mice.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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- Single-cell and spatiotemporal transcriptomic profiling of brain immune infiltration following Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Neurological manifestations of encephalitic alphaviruses, traumatic brain injuries, and organophosphorus nerve agent exposure.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
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- Intrinsic antiviral immunity of barrier cells revealed by an iPSC-derived blood-brain barrier cellular model.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection.Annual review of immunology · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2: is there neuroinvasion?Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an encephalitic alphavirus that can cause debilitating, acute febrile illness and potentially result in encephalitis. Currently, there are no FDA-licensed vaccines or specific therapeutics for VEEV. Previous studies have demonstrated that VEEV infection results in increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability that is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Furthermore, after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice, MMP-9 is upregulated in the brain and mediates BBB permeability in a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate that disease in C3H mice during VEEV TC-83 infection is dependent on TLR4 because intranasal infection of C3H/HeN (TLR4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.