ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2021
Fetal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models: Systems Information on Fetal Cardiac Output and Its Distribution to Different Organs during Development.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic Prediction of Maternal, Fetal, and Amniotic Fluid Betamethasone Concentrations to Support Dosing Optimization in Pregnancy.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- A biokinetic model to assess radon uptake by the fetus during pregnancy.Radiation and environmental biophysics · 2026Article
- Scientific Opinion on the application of physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling for the quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) of developmental neurotoxicity in vitro battery (DNT IVB) data for pesticide active substances.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Prediction of Maternal and Fetal Exposure to Escitalopram, Sertraline, and Paroxetine by Combining Human Ex Vivo Placenta Perfusion Data and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Predicting Maternal and Fetal Exposures of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor during Pregnancy through Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting acute kidney injury risks in patients undergoing acute stanford type A aortic dissection repair surgery.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach to Predict Tenofovir Pharmacokinetics During Pregnancy.The AAPS journal · 2025Article
- Quantification and prediction of human fetal (-)-ΔNature communications · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Neural Crest Cell Migration by Strobilurin Fungicides and Other Mitochondrial Toxicants.Cells · 2024Article
- Using PBPK modeling to supplement clinical data and support the safe and effective use of dolutegravir in pregnant and lactating women.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- Effects of in utero exposure to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cardiac extracellular matrix expression and vascular transcriptome in rhesus macaques.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Article
- Recasting Current Knowledge of Human Fetal Circulation: The Importance of Computational Models.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Review
- Prediction ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Predicting Human Fetal Drug Exposure Through Maternal-Fetal PBPK Modeling and In Vitro or Ex Vivo Studies.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Prediction of Maternal and Fetal Acyclovir, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, and Metformin Concentrations during Pregnancy Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2022Article
- Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach to Predict Theophylline Pharmacokinetics Using Virtual Non-Pregnant, Pregnant, Fetal, Breast-Feeding, and Neonatal Populations.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveFetal circulation is unique and the parameters describing hemodynamic status during development are critical for constructing a fetal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. To date, a comprehensive review of circulatory changes during fetal development, with a specific focus on developing these models, has not been reported. The objective of this work was to collate, analyze, and mathematically describe physiological information on fetal cardiac output and tissue blood flows during development.
methodsA comprehensive literature search was carried out to collate and evaluate the changes to fetal cardiac output and fetal tissue blood flows during growth. The collated data were assessed, integrated, and analyzed to establish continuous mathematical functions describing the average parameter changes and variability during development.
resultsData were available for fetal cardiac output (14 Doppler studies), blood flow through the fetal umbilical vein (15 studies), ductus venosus (6 studies), liver veins (5 studies), brain (4 studies), lungs (5 studies), and kidneys (2 studies). Fetal cardiac output is described as either an age- or weight-dependent function. The latter is preferred as it generates an individualized cardiac output that is correlated to the fetal body weight. Blood flow as a proportion of fetal cardiac output to the liver, placenta, brain, kidneys, and lungs was age varying, whilst for the adipose, bone, heart, muscle, and skin the blood flow proportions were fixed. The pattern of change (with respect to direction and pace) for each of these parameters was different.
conclusionsDespite limitations in the availability of some values, the collected data provide a useful resource for fetal physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Potential applications of these data include predicting xenobiotic exposure and risk assessment in the fetus following the administration of maternally dosed drugs or unintended exposure to environmental toxicants.
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