ArticleBMC family practice2021
Implementing interventions to reduce antibiotic use: a qualitative study in high-prescribing practices.
Article in BMC family practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Point-of-care tests to manage acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of healthcare professional and patient views.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- Comparing GPs' antibiotic prescribing decisions to a clinical prediction rule: an online vignette study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2023Trial
- Bridging the Gap Between Strategy and Implementation in Antimicrobial Stewardship: Insights from the ARCO Step II Interregional Delphi Consensus in Northeastern Italy.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Implementing in-vitro diagnostic point-of-care tests in community health care: how can we make this work?The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Improving antibiotic prescribing - Recommendations for funding and pricing policies to enhance use of point-of-care tests.Health policy OPEN · 2024Article
- Antibiotics Usage and Avoidance in Germany and Poland: Attitudes and Knowledge of Patients, Physicians, and Pharmacists.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- How, why and when are delayed (back-up) antibiotic prescriptions used in primary care? A realist review integrating concepts of uncertainty in healthcare.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Hospital Pharmacists' Viewpoint on Quality Use of Antibiotics and Resistance: A Qualitative Exploration from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Quetta City, Pakistan.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Re-examining advice to complete antibiotic courses: a qualitative study with clinicians and patients.BJGP open · 2023Article
- Implementing antibiotic stewardship in high-prescribing English general practices: a mixed-methods study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2023Article
- Factors Influencing the Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Primary Care: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Assessing, Pricing and Funding Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests for Community-Acquired Acute Respiratory Tract Infections-Overview of Policies Applied in 17 European Countries.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The value, challenges and practical considerations of conducting qualitative research on antimicrobial stewardship in primary care.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2022Review
- How can behavioural science contribute to qualitative research on antimicrobial stewardship in primary care?JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2022Review
- Perspectives of physicians and pharmacists on rational use of antibiotics in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands: a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2022Article
- Virus-related Knowledge in Covid-19 Times - Results from two Cross-sectional Studies in Austria and Implications for School.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Development of an intervention to support the implementation of evidence-based strategies for optimising antibiotic prescribing in general practice.Implementation science communications · 2021Article
- Social and Contextual Influences on Antibiotic Prescribing and Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Qualitative Study with Clinical Commissioning Group and General Practice Professionals.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrials have shown that delayed antibiotic prescriptions (DPs) and point-of-care C-Reactive Protein testing (POC-CRPT) are effective in reducing antibiotic use in general practice, but these were not typically implemented in high-prescribing practices. We aimed to explore views of professionals from high-prescribing practices about uptake and implementation of DPs and POC-CRPT to reduce antibiotic use.
methodsThis was a qualitative focus group study in English general practices. The highest antibiotic prescribing practices in the West Midlands were invited to participate. Clinical and non-clinical professionals attended focus groups co-facilitated by two researchers. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
resultsNine practices (50 professionals) participated. Four main themes were identified. Compatibility of strategies with clinical roles and experience - participants viewed the strategies as having limited value as 'clinical tools', perceiving them as useful only in 'rare' instances of clinical uncertainty and/or for those less experienced. Strategies as 'social tools' - participants perceived the strategies as helpful for negotiating treatment decisions and educating patients, particularly those expecting antibiotics. Ambiguities - participants perceived ambiguities around when they should be used, and about their impact on antibiotic use. Influence of context - various other situational and practical issues were raised with implementing the strategies.
conclusionsHigh-prescribing practices do not view DPs and POC-CRPT as sufficiently useful 'clinical tools' in a way which corresponds to the current policy approach advocating their use to reduce clinical uncertainty and improve antimicrobial stewardship. Instead, policy attention should focus on how these strategies may instead be used as 'social tools' to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Attention should also focus on the many ambiguities (concerns and questions) about, and contextual barriers to, using these strategies that need addressing to support wider and more consistent implementation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.