SynthesisEnvironmental health and preventive medicine2021
Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Environmental health and preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anemia burden in tuberculosis patients across Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Tracking the evolution of tuberculosis research priorities in Africa: a longitudinal bibliometric analysis from 2003-2023.Frontiers in research metrics and analytics · 2026Pooled it
- Liberal transfusion strategies reduce sepsis risk and improve neurological recovery in acute brain injury: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Burden of mortality and its predictors among TB-HIV co-infected patients in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Review
- Nomogram for predicting prognostic risk in severe pulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective analysis from the MIMIC-IV database.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Series 3: From Infection to Disease: A Global Scoping Review of Medical and Behavioural Determinants of Progression from TB Infection to TB Disease.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Hematological Profiles of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North-Central Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Association of Human Cytomegalovirus exposure with tuberculosis disease in South African adults with presumptive tuberculosis.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Clinical data analysis research on tuberculosis based on machine learning.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Incidence of Tuberculosis in Central Asia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Nutritional status and associated factors among adult patients with tuberculosis in public hospitals of Sidama Region, Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Eritrea: a retrospective cohort analysis of mortality and associated factors (2013 - 2023).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis/HIV coinfection among people living with HIV in Almaty, Kazakhstan: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- National and subnational burden and causes of anemia in China from 1990 to 2023: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Military Medical Research · 2025Article
- Anemia as a Part of the Triple Burden Among Children Under-Five with Stunting and Tuberculosis in Bandung, Indonesia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nomogram model for prediction of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with intestinal tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Influential factors and predictive model of anemia in hospitalized elderly patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis in South East Tunisia: Features and Predictive Factors of Poor Prognosis.Cureus · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis is a major public health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, occurring predominantly in population with low socioeconomic status. It is the second most common cause of death from infectious diseases. Tuberculosis becomes a double burden among anemic patients. Anemia increases an individual's susceptibility to infectious diseases including tuberculosis by reducing the immunity level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether anemia is a risk factor for tuberculosis.
methodRelevant published articles were searched in electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library using the following MeSH terms: risk factor, predictors, tuberculosis, TB, Anaemia, Anemia, hemoglobin, Hgb, and Hb. Articles written in the English, observational studies conducted on the incidence/prevalence of tuberculosis among anemic patients, or papers examined anemia as risk factors for tuberculosis were included. From those studies meeting eligibility criteria, the first author's name, publication year, study area, sample size and age of participants, study design, and effect measure of anemia for tuberculosis were extracted. The data were entered using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata version 11 for analysis. The random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled OR and HR, and 95% CI. The sources of heterogeneity were tested by Cochrane I-squared statistics. The publication bias was assessed using Egger's test statistics.
resultsA total of 17 articles with a 215,294 study participants were included in the analysis. The odd of tuberculosis among anemic patients was 3.56 (95% CI 2.53-5.01) times higher than non-anemic patients. The cohort studies showed that the HR of tuberculosis was 2.01 (95% CI 1.70-2.37) times higher among anemic patients than non-anemic patients. The hazard of tuberculosis also increased with anemia severity (HR 1.37 (95% CI 0.92-2.05), 2.08 (95% CI 1.14-3.79), and 2.66 (95% CI 1.71-4.13) for mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively).
conclusionAccording to the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we can conclude that anemia was a risk factor for tuberculosis. Therefore, anemia screening, early diagnose, and treatment should be provoked in the community to reduce the burden of tuberculosis.
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