Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33485215›Full record

ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2021

Associations of COVID-19 risk perception with vaccine hesitancy over time for Italian residents.

Marta Caserotti, Paolo Girardi, Enrico Rubaltelli, Alessandra Tasso, Lorella Lotto, Teresa Gavaruzzi

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Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 266 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
266citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

266 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. From Stories to Action: How Framing, Perspective, and Identifiability in Personal Narratives Influence Vaccination Decisions.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026
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  11. Time preferences and COVID-19 vaccination uptake.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
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206 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marta CaserottiDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy. Electronic address: marta.caserotti@unipd.it.
Paolo GirardiDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
Enrico RubaltelliDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy.
Alessandra TassoDepartment of Humanities, University of Ferrara, Italy.
Lorella LottoDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy.
Teresa GavaruzziDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleMany countries were and are still struggling with the COVID-19 emergency. Despite efforts to limit the viral transmission, the vaccine is the only solution to ending the pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy could reduce coverage and hinder herd immunity.

objectivePeople's intention to get vaccinated can be shaped by several factors, including risk perception which, in turn, is influenced by affect. The present work aimed at investigating how risk perception and some factors associated with the decision to comply with vaccination modulated vaccine acceptance for COVID-19 as compared to seasonal influenza, and how these have varied during the lockdown phases.

methodThe study followed the main phases of the emergency in Italy, investigating the intention to get vaccinated against flu and against SARS-CoV-2 (if a vaccine was available) before, during and after the first national lockdown, covering the period from the end of February to the end of June 2020. We investigated the effect of risk perception and other predictors on the decision of getting vaccinated.

resultsCompared to the pre-lockdown phase, during the lockdown more people were willing to get vaccinated for COVID-19, regardless of their beliefs about vaccines, and as risk perception increased, so did the intention to accept the vaccine. The acceptance of the flu vaccine increased after the re-opening phase. In addition, the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and against flu increased if there was previous flu vaccination behavior but decreased with increasing doubts about the vaccines in general.

conclusionsThe observation of vaccination intentions across the three main phases of the emergency allows important considerations regarding psychological, affect, and demographic determinants useful to tailor public health communication to improve public response to future epidemics.

Indexed as

Risk AssessmentAdultAgedCommunicable Disease ControlCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfluenza VaccinesItalyMaleMiddle AgedVaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesInfluenza VaccinesCOVID-19Flu vaccineRisk perceptionSARS-CoV-2 vaccineVaccine acceptance

Identifiers

PMID33485215
PMCPMC7788320

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.