ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2021
Disparities in HIV-related risk and socio-economic outcomes among trans women in the sex trade and effects of a targeted, anti-sex-trafficking policy.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Intersectionality in quantitative health disparities research: A systematic review of challenges and limitations in empirical studies.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Pooled it
- Socio-ecological Barriers to Viral Suppression Among Transgender Women Living with HIV in San Francisco and Los Angeles, California.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Type of Exchange Sex and Associated Behaviors and Outcomes Among Cisgender Men and Women at Increased Risk for HIV via Heterosexual Transmission in Six U.S. Metropolitan Areas.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- Through a Different Lens: Occupational Health of Sex-Working Young Trans Women.Transgender health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and correlates of substance use and associations with HIV-related outcomes among trans women in the San Francisco Bay Area.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The factors influencing the psychological distress of transgender women in Shandong, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMarginalization of sex work presents numerous risks for trans women (TW) engaged in the sex trade, including criminalization, traumatization, and contracting HIV. We identified socio-economic and HIV risk disparities among trans women sex workers and others who do sex work (TWSW/OWSW), and evaluated these disparities for TWSW/OWSW compared to TW not engaged in sex work from pre- and post-implementation of the US 2018 "Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act" and "Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act" (FOSTA-SESTA).
methodsWe analyzed 429 trans women (TW) from the Trans*National cohort study (2016-2019). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) characterized differences in socio-economic and HIV risk outcomes for TWSW/OWSW compared to TW not engaged in sex work over the study period. Adjusted, pre-to-post law changes in these outcomes for TWSW/OWSW versus TW not engaged in sex work were compared using difference-in-differences GEE regression analyses.
resultsOver 18 months, TWSW/OWSW had higher adjusted odds of being unstably housed, having income from criminalized sources, experiencing transphobic hate crimes, experiencing discrimination from police/courts, being incarcerated, meeting sex partners in the street/public settings, meeting sex partners on Craigslist or other online forums (except dating apps), or engaging in condomless anal intercourse, (p < 0.01 for all comparisons); TWSW/OWSW also had a higher mean number of income sources (p = 0.03). One difference-in-differences analysis showed additive interaction: the adjusted mean number of income sources reported by TWSW/OWSW compared to those not engaged in sex work decreased from pre-to post-FOSTA-SESTA (from 1.79 to 1.48 for TWSW/OWSW and from 1.52 to 1.47 for TW not engaged in sex work; p = 0.01).
conclusionsDisparities in socio-economic and HIV-related risk outcomes exist for TWSW/OWSW in San Francisco. There is an urgent need for comprehensive, long-term follow-up data of TW to accurately analyze policy effects, especially given the recent enactment of a number of other policies targeting TW.
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