Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33484777›Full record

ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2021

Minimally Invasive Nasal Depot (MIND) technique for direct BDNF AntagoNAT delivery to the brain.

Smrithi Padmakumar, Gregory Jones, Grishma Pawar, Olga Khorkova, Jane Hsiao, Jonghan Kim, Mansoor M Amiji, Benjamin S Bleier

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Are RNA Therapies a Solid Foundation or a Frontier Yet to Be Conquered?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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  11. Non-Coding RNA-Targeted Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
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  17. Roles of lncRNAs in brain development and pathogenesis: Emerging therapeutic opportunities.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023
    Review
  18. Nonviral nanoparticle gene delivery into the CNS for neurological disorders and brain cancer applications.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2023
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Smrithi PadmakumarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Gregory JonesDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Grishma PawarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Olga KhorkovaOpko Health, Miami, FL, United States of America.
Jane HsiaoOpko Health, Miami, FL, United States of America.
Jonghan KimDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Mansoor M AmijiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Benjamin S BleierMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America. Electronic address: Benjamin_Bleier@meei.harvard.edu.
Northeastern University · USOPKO Health (United States) · USMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary · US

Funding

Direct CNS Delivery System for BDNF AntagoNATs using Heterotopic Mucosal Grafting for the Treatment of Parkinson's DiseaseR01NS108968 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY · PI BLEIER, BENJAMIN · 2019 to 2023
$2.5M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS108968
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The limitations of central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery conferred by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been a significant obstacle in the development of large molecule therapeutics for CNS disease. Though significantly safer than direct CNS administration via intrathecal (IT) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, the topical intranasal delivery of CNS therapeutics has failed to become clinically useful due to a variety of practical and physiologic drawbacks leading to high dose variability and poor bioavailability. This study describes the minimally invasive nasal depot (MIND) technique, a novel method of direct trans-nasal CNS drug delivery which overcomes the dosing variability and efficiency challenges of traditional topical trans-nasal, trans-olfactory strategies by delivering the entire therapeutic dose directly to the olfactory submucosal space. We found that the implantation of a depot containing an AntagoNAT (AT) capable of de-repressing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression enabled CNS distribution of ATs with significant and sustained upregulation of BDNF with efficiencies approaching 40% of ICV delivery. As the MIND technique is derived from common outpatient rhinological procedures routinely performed in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) clinics, our findings support the significant translational potential of this novel minimally invasive strategy as a reliable therapeutic delivery approach for the treatment of CNS diseases.

Indexed as

BrainBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorAdministration, IntranasalBlood-Brain BarrierDrug Delivery SystemsBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorAntagoNATBDNFCNS deliveryNeurodegenerative diseasesNeurotrophic factorTrans-nasal delivery

Identifiers

PMID33484777
PMCPMC7946770
OpenAlexW3125173559

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.