ReviewPlant biotechnology journal2021
Green giant-a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high-value proteins: history and phylogeny.
Review in Plant biotechnology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The Complete Chloroplast Genome ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Snap Bean (International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Chloroplast genome characterization of Adenophora taquetii and comparative analysis with related Adenophora species.Genes & genomics · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genomes ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- OsFeSOD3 Functions as an Enzymatic Component of the PEP Complex, Bifunctionally Regulating Chloroplastic ROS Metabolism and Chloroplast Biogenesis in Rice.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Plastome evolution and phylogenomics of Glycine (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae).BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Typhonium flagelliforme, an anti-cancer medicinal plant: genome structure, comparative and phylogenetic relationship analysis within Araceae.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Chloroplast genome sequencing of Poa pratensis and comparative chloroplast genomics analysis with other 29 grass species.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Ex vivo HNSCC clinical studies using saliva and antiviral or antibacterial chewing gums reveal reduction in carcinogenic microbes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of chloroplast codon usage patterns in the important medicinal genusFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- The complete chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic position ofMitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources · 2026Article
- Chloroplast genome comparison of Valeriana species with sequence variation, selective pressure, and divergence analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Integrative chloroplast omics in citrus: computational insights into genomic structural adaptation and phylogenetic relationships from 35 species.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Article
- The complete chloroplast genome sequence ofMitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources · 2026Article
- The Complete Chloroplast Genome ofEcology and evolution · 2025Article
- Comparative Genomics ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Free-living cyanobacteria were entrapped by eukaryotic cells ~2 billion years ago, ultimately giving rise to chloroplasts. After a century of debate, the presence of chloroplast DNA was demonstrated in the 1960s. The first chloroplast genomes were sequenced in the 1980s, followed by ~100 vegetable, fruit, cereal, beverage, oil and starch/sugar crop chloroplast genomes in the past three decades. Foreign genes were expressed in isolated chloroplasts or intact plant cells in the late 1980s and stably integrated into chloroplast genomes, with typically maternal inheritance shown in the 1990s. Since then, chloroplast genomes conferred the highest reported levels of tolerance or resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. Although launching products with agronomic traits in important crops using this concept has been elusive, commercial products developed include enzymes used in everyday life from processing fruit juice, to enhancing water absorption of cotton fibre or removal of stains as laundry detergents and in dye removal in the textile industry. Plastid genome sequences have revealed the framework of green plant phylogeny as well as the intricate history of plastid genome transfer events to other eukaryotes. Discordant historical signals among plastid genes suggest possible variable constraints across the plastome and further understanding and mitigation of these constraints may yield new opportunities for bioengineering. In this review, we trace the evolutionary history of chloroplasts, status of autonomy and recent advances in products developed for everyday use or those advanced to the clinic, including treatment of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.