SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2021
Animal models for pelvic organ prolapse: systematic review.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Growth Factors on Vaginal Wound Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Aging of Pelvic Floor in Animal Models: A Sistematic Review of Literature on the Role of the Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Pelvic Floor Prolapse.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Time-Series Analysis of Pregnancy and Childbirth Effects on Pelvic Floor Muscle Electrophysiology and Morphology in Rats.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Histological Microstructure and In Vitro Mechanical Properties of Postmenopausal Ewe Perineal Body With and Without Estrogen Replacement Therapy.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Reproductive Complication in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Successful Surgical Resolution of Vaginal Prolapse Postpartum.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Chapter 4.5: New Proposed Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Enhancing Mesh-Tissue Integration in Menopausal Models Using a Platelet-Rich Plasma-Decellularized Amnion Scaffold Sandwich: A Study on Mesh Contraction, Inflammatory Infiltrate, IL-17, CD31, and Collagen Deposition.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- New Rat Model Mimicking Sacrocolpopexy for POP Treatment and Biomaterials Testing via Unilateral Presacral Suspension.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Sonograms of perineal muscles as a noninvasive diagnosis of pyometra and endometritis in beef cows: a preliminary study.Archives animal breeding · 2025Article
- Developing a procedure mimicking transvaginal mesh implantation in women in a modified POP rat model.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A Novel Graphene-Based Nanomaterial for the Development of a Pelvic Implant to Treat Pelvic Organ Prolapse.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Old Rats Improves Healing and Biomechanical Properties of Vaginal Tissue Following Surgical Incision in Aged Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The use of animal models in preclinical investigations for the development of a surgical mesh for pelvic organ prolapse.International urogynecology journal · 2024Review
- Establishing a Rat Model of Pelvic Organ Prolapse with All Compartment Defects by Persistent Cervical Tension.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Comparative anatomy of the ovine and human pelvis for laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: evaluating the effectiveness of the ovine model.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves biomechanical properties of vaginal tissue following full-thickness incision in aged rats.Stem cell reports · 2022Article
- Validation of an ovine vesicovaginal fistula model.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- International Urogynecological Consultation (IUC): pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).International urogynecology journal · 2022Review
- Tannic acid-loaded hydrogel coating endues polypropylene mesh with hemostatic and anti-inflammatory capacity for facilitating pelvic floor repair.Regenerative biomaterials · 2022Article
- Female squirrel monkeys as models for research on women's pelvic floor disorders.Laboratory animals · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisWe aimed to summarize the knowledge on the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) generated in animal models.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and the Web of Science to establish what animal models are used in the study of suggested risk factors for the development of POP, including pregnancy, labor, delivery, parity, aging and menopause. Lack of methodologic uniformity precluded meta-analysis; hence, results are presented as a narrative review.
resultsA total of 7426 studies were identified, of which 51 were included in the analysis. Pregnancy has a measurable and consistent effect across species. In rats, simulated vaginal delivery induces structural changes in the pelvic floor, without complete recovery of the vaginal muscular layer and its microvasculature, though it does not induce POP. In sheep, first vaginal delivery has a measurable effect on vaginal compliance; measured effects of additional deliveries are inconsistent. Squirrel monkeys can develop POP. Denervation of their levator ani muscle facilitates this process in animals that delivered vaginally. The models used do not develop spontaneous menopause, so it is induced by ovariectomy. Effects of menopause depend on the age at ovariectomy and the interval to measurement. In several species menopause is associated with an increase in collagen content in the longer term. In rodents there were no measurable effects of age apart of elastin changes. We found no usable data for other species.
conclusionIn several species there are measurable effects of pregnancy, delivery and iatrogenic menopause. Squirrel monkeys can develop spontaneous prolapse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.