Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33483996›Full record

ReviewImmunology and cell biology2021

De-coding genetic risk variants in type 1 diabetes.

Melanie R Shapiro, Puchong Thirawatananond, Leeana Peters, Robert C Sharp, Similoluwa Ogundare, Amanda L Posgai, Daniel J Perry, Todd M Brusko

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Immunology and cell biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. ProtectiveiScience · 2026
    Article
  2. Genetic and molecular evidence linking CTSH to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Advancing Animal Models of Human Type 1 Diabetes.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. TheInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Melanie R ShapiroDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Puchong ThirawatananondDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4973-7380
Leeana PetersDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Robert C SharpDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Similoluwa OgundareDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Amanda L PosgaiDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Daniel J PerryDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Todd M BruskoDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2878-9296

Funding

Project 3P01AI042288 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Todd Michael Brusko · 1997 to 2026
$32.9M
The CD226 costimulatory axis in type 1 diabetesR01DK106191 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Todd Michael Brusko · 2016 to 2026
$4.4M
Genetic Regulation of Human Beta Cell DestructionUC4DK104194 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MATHEWS, CLAYTON E · 2014 to 2014
$3.1M
Engineering a Human Microphysiological System for the Characterization of Islet-Immune InteractionsUG3DK122638 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI AGARWAL, ASHUTOSH, BRUSKO, TODD MICHAEL · 2019 to 2020
$2.1M
Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Type 1 Diabetes and Biomedical EngineeringT32DK108736 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MARK A. ATKINSON, Benjamin George Keselowsky · 2017 to 2026
$1.9M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI042288NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK106191NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK108736NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK104194NIDDK NIH HHS UG3 DK122638
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The conceptual basis for a genetic predisposition underlying the risk for developing type 1 diabetes (T1D) predates modern human molecular genetics. Over half of the genetic risk has been attributed to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II gene region and to the insulin (INS) gene locus - both thought to confer direction of autoreactivity and tissue specificity. Notwithstanding, questions still remain regarding the functional contributions of a vast array of minor polygenic risk variants scattered throughout the genome that likely influence disease heterogeneity and clinical outcomes. Herein, we summarize the available literature related to the T1D-associated coding variants defined at the time of this review, for the genes PTPN22, IFIH1, SH2B3, CD226, TYK2, FUT2, SIRPG, CTLA4, CTSH and UBASH3A. Data from genotype-selected human cohorts are summarized, and studies from the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse are presented to describe the functional impact of these variants in relation to innate and adaptive immunity as well as to β-cell fragility, with expression profiles in tissues and peripheral blood highlighted. The contribution of each variant to progression through T1D staging, including environmental interactions, are discussed with consideration of how their respective protein products may serve as attractive targets for precision medicine-based therapeutics to prevent or suspend the development of T1D.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1AnimalsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeMiceMice, Inbred NODPolymorphism, Single Nucleotidecoding varianthumanprecision medicinerisk genesingle nucleotide polymorphismtype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33483996
PMCPMC8119379

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.