ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Risk assessment analysis for maternal autoantibody-related autism (MAR-ASD): a subtype of autism.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune and Autoimmune Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Linking Molecular Pathways to Neuropsychological Trajectories Across the Lifespan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- The Immune System and the Plural Autisms: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Analytical Validation of an ELISA Assay for Maternal Autoantibody-Related Autism.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Utilizing maternal autoantibody patterns to predict risk of autism and intellectual disability in offspring.Research square · 2026Article
- Captopril restores microglial homeostasis and reverses ASD-like phenotype in a model of ASD induced by exposure in utero to anti-caspr2 IgG.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effects of maternal autoantibody exposure at the cellular level: implications for the developing brain.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity of anti-Caspr2 antibodies: specificity and pathogenicity.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Identifying brain functional subtypes and corresponding task performance profiles in autism spectrum disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Gestational autoantibody exposure impacts early brain development in a rat model of MAR autism.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies Against Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins Associated With Encephalopathy/Myelopathy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Antibodies in neurological diseases: Established, emerging, explorative.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Correlation Between Regulation of Intestinal Flora by Danggui-Shaoyao-San and Improvement of Cognitive Impairment in Mice With Alzheimer's Disease.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Differences in mid-gestational and early postnatal neonatal cytokines and chemokines are associated with patterns of maternal autoantibodies in the context of autism.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Conduction Velocity, G-ratio, and Extracellular Water as Microstructural Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Conduction velocity, G-ratio, and extracellular water as microstructural characteristics of autism spectrum disorder.PloS one · 2024Article
- Altered cytokine and chemokine profile linked to autoantibody and pathogen reactivity in mothers of autistic children.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Pre-autism: What a paediatrician should know about early diagnosis of autism.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2023Review
- Neuroimaging genetics approaches to identify new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been rising, however ASD-risk biomarkers remain lacking. We previously identified the presence of maternal autoantibodies to fetal brain proteins specific to ASD, now termed maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) ASD. The current study aimed to create and validate a serological assay to identify ASD-specific maternal autoantibody patterns of reactivity against eight previously identified proteins (CRMP1, CRMP2, GDA, NSE, LDHA, LDHB, STIP1, and YBOX) that are highly expressed in developing brain, and determine the relationship of these reactivity patterns with ASD outcome severity. We used plasma from mothers of children diagnosed with ASD (n = 450) and from typically developing children (TD, n = 342) to develop an ELISA test for each of the protein antigens. We then determined patterns of reactivity a highly significant association with ASD, and discovered several patterns that were ASD-specific (18% in the training set and 10% in the validation set vs. 0% TD). The three main patterns associated with MAR ASD are CRMP1 + GDA (ASD% = 4.2 vs. TD% = 0, OR 31.04, p = <0.0001), CRMP1 + CRMP2 (ASD% = 3.6 vs. TD% = 0, OR 26.08, p = 0.0005) and NSE + STIP1 (ASD% = 3.1 vs. TD% = 0, OR 22.82, p = 0.0001). Additionally, we found that maternal autoantibody reactivity to CRMP1 significantly increases the odds of a child having a higher Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) severity score (OR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.358-3.987, p = 0.0021). This is the first report that uses machine learning subgroup discovery to identify with 100% accuracy MAR ASD-specific patterns as potential biomarkers of risk for a subset of up to 18% of ASD cases in this study population.
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