Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33483527›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2021

Perceptual insensitivity to the modulation of interoceptive signals in depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders.

Ryan Smith, Justin S Feinstein, Rayus Kuplicki, Katherine L Forthman, Jennifer L Stewart, Martin P Paulus, Tulsa 1000 Investigators, Sahib S Khalsa

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06332963 (Interoceptive Mechanisms of Body Image Disturbance in Anorexia Nervosa), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06332963 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Interoceptive Mechanisms of Body Image Disturbance in Anorexia Nervosa

TypeinterventionalSponsorLaureate Institute for Brain Research, Inc.Ran2024 to 2028Enrolled102ConditionsAnorexia Nervosa, Body Image Disturbance, InteroceptionArmsFloatation-REST, IFT, EFT
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The cognitive and motor determinants of the perception of effort.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Microstructural Brain Correlates of Inter-individual Differences in Respiratory Interoception.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ryan SmithLaureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
Justin S FeinsteinLaureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
Rayus KuplickiLaureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
Katherine L ForthmanLaureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
Jennifer L StewartLaureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
Martin P PaulusLaureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
Tulsa 1000 Investigators
Sahib S KhalsaLaureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA. skhalsa@laureateinstitute.org.

Funding

The Center for Neuroscience-based Mental Health Assessment and Prediction (NEUROMAP)P20GM121312 · NIGMS · LAUREATE INSTITUTE FOR BRAIN RESEARCH · PI Jonathan Savitz · 2017 to 2026
$23.7M
Plasticity of Aversive Salience in Opioid Use DisorderR01DA050677 · NIDA · LAUREATE INSTITUTE FOR BRAIN RESEARCH · PI STEWART, JENNIFER LORRAINE · 2021 to 2025
$3.0M
Neural Basis of Meal Related Interoceptive Dysfunction in Anorexia NervosaK23MH112949 · NIMH · LAUREATE INSTITUTE FOR BRAIN RESEARCH · PI KHALSA, SAHIB · 2017 to 2021
$994k
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA050677NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM121312NIGMS NIH HHS P20GM121312NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH112949NIMH NIH HHS K23MH112949
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study employed a series of heartbeat perception tasks to assess the hypothesis that cardiac interoceptive processing in individuals with depression/anxiety (N = 221), and substance use disorders (N = 136) is less flexible than that of healthy individuals (N = 53) in the context of physiological perturbation. Cardiac interoception was assessed via heartbeat tapping when: (1) guessing was allowed; (2) guessing was not allowed; and (3) experiencing an interoceptive perturbation (inspiratory breath hold) expected to amplify cardiac sensation. Healthy participants showed performance improvements across the three conditions, whereas those with depression/anxiety and/or substance use disorder showed minimal improvement. Machine learning analyses suggested that individual differences in these improvements were negatively related to anxiety sensitivity, but explained relatively little variance in performance. These results reveal a perceptual insensitivity to the modulation of interoceptive signals that was evident across several common psychiatric disorders, suggesting that interoceptive deficits in the realm of psychopathology manifest most prominently during states of homeostatic perturbation.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAnxiety DisordersDepressionFemaleHeart RateHumansInteroceptionMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSelf ReportSubstance-Related DisordersYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID33483527
PMCPMC7822872

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.