ArticlePediatrics2021
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates With Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Treated With Diazoxide.
Article in Pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Clinical and Hormonal Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes of Diazoxide Use in Hypoglycemic Neonates: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism: genetic basis and clinical management].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Review
- From standard to individualized diazoxide therapy in congenital hyperinsulinism: a narrative review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Neonatal hyperinsulinism: a retrospective study of presentation and management in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in the UK.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2025Article
- Watchful waiting versus pharmacological management of small-for-gestational-age infants with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Observational
- Standardised practices in the networked management of congenital hyperinsulinism: a UK national collaborative consensus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Diazoxide for Neonatal Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia and Pulmonary Hypertension.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Intussusception in Neonates: Uncommon Causes and Diagnostic Dilemmas in Two Case Reports.Case reports in gastroenterologyArticle
- Asymptomatic Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia and Grade 4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage in a Late Preterm Infant.Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal period is hyperinsulinism. Severe, refractory hypoglycemia resulting from hyperinsulinism can lead to significant brain injury and permanent cognitive disability. Diazoxide is the first-line and only US Food and Drug Administration-approved, pharmacologic treatment for refractory hyperinsulinism. In recent years, the use of diazoxide in neonates with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia has increased in the United States. Known adverse effects of diazoxide include fluid retention, hypertrichosis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and more recently, pulmonary hypertension. It is currently unknown if diazoxide exposure is associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates. We reviewed the cases of 24 patients in a level IV NICU at Massachusetts General Hospital who received diazoxide over 12 years (April 2006-April 2018). All 24 patients received enteral diazoxide for refractory hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. A total of 5 patients developed NEC after initiation of diazoxide based on clinical and radiographic findings, corresponding to 20% of infants exposed to diazoxide. This is above our baseline incidence of NEC (1% for all inborn infants and 6% for all inborn very low birth weight infants). More research and monitoring are necessary to characterize the potential risk of NEC associated with the use of diazoxide in the neonatal period.
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