ArticleThe Permanente journal2020
Inequity and Women Physicians: Time to Change Millennia of Societal Beliefs.
Article in The Permanente journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Women Physicians in Leadership Roles in Critical Care Medicine or Academic Medicine-A Systematic Literature Review.Critical care explorations · 2025Pooled it
- Equity and Respect in Maternal and Infant Healthcare-A Report From the 2025 Venice Forum.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- Women in Medicine: Stories From the Girls in White.Family medicine · 2026Article
- Chronic Imbalance? Gender Disparities in Gastroenterology Across a Decade of the Visceral Medicine Congress in Germany.Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie · 2026Article
- Inappropriate Patient Sexual Behaviour Towards Female Chiropractors in South Africa: A Quantitative Analysis.Journal of chiropractic humanities · 2025Article
- Exploring gender disparity in medicine: perceptions of female physicians in Lebanon.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Diversity Drives Representation: An Internal Audit of Gender Representation in Citation Practices of a Single Surgical Laboratory.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Women's professional development programs for emergency physicians: A scoping review.AEM education and training · 2024Article
- Article
- Another Day, Another 82 Cents: A National Survey Assessing Gender-based Wage Differences in Board-certified Plastic Surgeons.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Gender equity analysis of nontrainee hemostasis and thrombosis recognition award recipients.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Measuring provider well-being: initial validation of a brief engagement survey.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Gender gap-Gender-specific development in the field of obstetrics and gynecology in Germany in the last 20 years.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- The Impact of Patient Prejudice on Minoritized Female Physicians.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gender inequities date back thousands of years, with women expected to be caregivers at home and men expected to be leaders with occupations outside the home. In more recent history, women have trained in various professions, including medicine. Although the number of female physicians has risen consistently over the past several decades and half of US medical students now are women, gender inequities persist and are due, at least in part, to implicit (unconscious) biases held by doctors, other health care professionals, and patients and their families. Implicit biases negatively affect women in their medical careers and contribute to slower advancement, less favorable evaluations, underrepresentation in leadership positions, fewer invited lectures, lower salaries, impostor syndrome, and burnout. Despite efforts to address gender biases, studies in academic medical centers indicate no major change over a 20-year span. Management of implicit gender bias at the organizational level is imperative. Strategies include implicit bias training for doctors and other staff; development of a transparent and equitable compensation plan; and transparent processes for promotion and hiring, mentorship, and sponsorship of women physicians for grand rounds, lectureships, committees, leadership positions, and awards. Achievement of equity for women physicians requires effort and ultimately a culture change. Gender equity in the medical profession will lead to improved physician wellness, retention of women physicians, and improved access to and quality of health care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.