ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Chronic exposure to IL-6 induces a desensitized phenotype of the microglia.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cytokines interleukin-6 and interferon-α induce distinct microglia phenotypes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Pooled it
- Predicting the Beneficial Effects of Cognitive Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment with Clinical, Inflammation, and Human Microglia Exposed to Serum as Potential Markers: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Hippocampal, Microglial, Morphological, and Amyloid Profiles Following Thiamine Pyrophosphate Treatment in 3xTg-AD Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Endothelial NADAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Cerebral Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: the Role of Neuroglia and Associated Factors (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2026Review
- Three-stage sequential targeted nasal drops for correcting abnormal mitochondrial division in microglia.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- The volatile oil ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial and ER stress crosstalk in TBI: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- The immune-microbiome axis in salt-sensitive hypertension: a focus on renal and neural mechanisms.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Glycosylation changes of vWF in circulating extracellular vesicles to predict depression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Targeting cytokine networks in neuroinflammatory diseases.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Interleukin-6 deficiency reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting the STAT3-cGAS-STING pathway in Alzheimer's disease mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Polar lipids modify Alzheimer's Disease pathology by reducing astrocyte pro-inflammatory signaling through platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR) modulation.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- The Role of IL-6 in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Neurochemical research · 2024Review
- Interleukin-6-elicited chronic neuroinflammation may decrease survival but is not sufficient to drive disease progression in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2024Article
- Taming microglia: the promise of engineered microglia in treating neurological diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Adaptive Autonomic and Neuroplastic Control in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Narrative Review.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Review
- Effect of Proinflammatory S100A9 Protein on Migration and Proliferation of Microglial Cells.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2023Article
- Article
- Role of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in morphological and functional changes of the blood-brain barrier in hypertriglyceridemia.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhen the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) is altered, microglial cells become activated displaying a wide range of phenotypes that depend on the specific site, the nature of the activator, and particularly the microenvironment generated by the lesion. Cytokines are important signals involved in the modulation of the molecular microenvironment and hence play a pivotal role in orchestrating microglial activation. Among them, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine described in a wide range of pathological conditions as a potent inducer and modulator of microglial activation, but with contradictory results regarding its detrimental or beneficial functions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic IL-6 production on the immune response associated with CNS-axonal anterograde degeneration.
methodsThe perforant pathway transection (PPT) paradigm was used in transgenic mice with astrocyte-targeted IL6-production (GFAP-IL6Tg). At 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-lesion, the hippocampal areas were processed for immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and protein microarray.
resultsAn increase in the microglia/macrophage density was observed in GFAP-IL6Tg animals in non-lesion conditions and at later time-points after PPT, associated with higher microglial proliferation and a major monocyte/macrophage cell infiltration. Besides, in homeostasis, GFAP-IL6Tg showed an environment usually linked with an innate immune response, with more perivascular CD11b
conclusionsChronic exposure to IL-6 induces a desensitized phenotype of the microglia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.