Trial reportBMC cancer2021
Malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone: analysis of an open-label phase 2 study of denosumab.
Trial report in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00680992 (An Open-label, Multi-center, Phase 2 Study of Denosumab in Subjects With Giant Cell Tumor of Bone), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-label, Multi-center, Phase 2 Study of Denosumab in Subjects With Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- De novo osteosarcoma following prolonged denosumab treatment for giant cell tumor of bone at an anatomically distant site: a case report.Skeletal radiology · 2026Article
- Incidence of malignant transformation in giant cell tumor of bone following denosumab therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Review
- [Primary malignant bone tumours-part II].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Dual-target neoadjuvant therapy with denosumab and sunitinib for giant cell tumor of bone: a sarcoma center experience.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Article
- Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Biology, Pathophysiology, and Histopathology in the Era of H3F3A.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Soft tissue recurrence in giant cell tumor of Bone: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, imaging features, and clinical management.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Review
- Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Study of Clinical, Pathological, and Prognostic Profile from One Single Center.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Primary malignant giant cell tumor (PMGCT): Diagnosis and management challenges in low resource settings.Narra J · 2025Article
- Primary Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Cancer-Induced Bone Pain.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- Recurrent benign fibrous histiocytoma of the bone benefits from denosumab followed by malignant transformation: a case report.Skeletal radiology · 2024Article
- Current Concepts in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: An Update.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Article
- Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours.EFORT open reviews · 2023Review
- Giant Cell Tumour of Bone: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Cureus · 2023Review
- Article
- Current therapies and future prospective for locally aggressive mesenchymal tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumour of Bone: A Review of Literature and the Experience of a Referral Centre.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Clinicopathological and histological analysis of secondary malignant giant cell tumors of bone without radiotherapy.Oncology letters · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGiant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare osteoclastogenic stromal tumor. GCTB can rarely undergo malignant transformation. This post hoc analysis evaluated and classified malignancies in patients with GCTB who received denosumab.
methodsThis analysis was conducted on patients with pathologically confirmed GCTB and measurable active disease treated with denosumab 120 mg subcutaneously once every 4 weeks, with loading doses on study days 8 and 15, as part of a phase 2, open-label, multicenter study. We identified potential cases of malignancy related to GCTB through an independent multidisciplinary review or medical history, associated imaging or histopathologic reports, and disease course. The findings were summarized and no statistical analysis was performed.
resultsTwenty of five hundred twenty-six patients (3.8%) who received at least one dose of denosumab were misdiagnosed with GCTB that was later discovered to be malignancies: five primary malignant GCTB, five secondary malignant GCTB, four sarcomatous transformations, and six patients with other malignancies (giant cell-rich osteosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor of mixed connective tissue type, and fibrosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma). Many malignancies were present before denosumab was initiated (8 definitive cases, 7 likely cases), excluding potential involvement of denosumab in these cases. Signs associated with potential misdiagnoses of GCTB included poor mineralization with denosumab treatment, rapid relapse in pain, or a failure of the typical dramatic improvement in pain normally observed with denosumab.
conclusionsAlthough rare, GCTB can undergo malignant transformation, and rates in this study were consistent with previous reports. Signs of poor mineralization or lack of response to denosumab treatment may warrant close monitoring.
trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov , ( NCT00680992 ). Registered May 20, 2008.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.