Observational studyBMC cardiovascular disorders2021
Natural killer cells, gamma delta T cells and classical monocytes are associated with systolic blood pressure in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).
Observational study in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of immune cell subsets with incident heart failure in two population-based cohorts.ESC heart failure · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of inflammation, neuromodulation, and gut microbiota on developing cardiac fibrosis and hypertension.Cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Associations Between Cannabis Use and Inflammatory Biomarkers Among People with HIV.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2026Article
- Immune Cell Type-Specific DNA Methylation Regions Associate With 24-Hour Blood Pressure Regulation in Black People.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Comorbidity-Driven Inflammation in HFpEF: Immune Profiling and Therapeutic Targets.Current heart failure reports · 2026Review
- Innate immune profiling reveals a specific reduction of CD57Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- 24-Hour ambulatory blood pressure and C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical hypertension · 2026Review
- Uncovering immune pathways for therapeutic targeting of hypertension.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2025Review
- Association of Immune Cell Subsets With Longevity: The Cardiovascular Health Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Recent advances on immunity and hypertension: the new cells on the kidney block.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Review
- Associations of circulating T-cell subsets with carotid artery stiffness: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Immune system activation and cognitive impairment in arterial hypertension.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Review
- Identification of Novel Independent Correlations between Cellular Components of the Immune System and Strain-Related Indices of Myocardial Dysfunction in CKD Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients without Established Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immunological insights into hypertension: unraveling triggers and potential therapeutic avenues.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Review
- Associations of circulating T-cell subsets in carotid artery stiffness: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein, and Risk of Incident Hypertension in the REGARDS Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Decreased natural killer cell activity as a potential predictor of hypertensive incidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Increased CD14PeerJ · 2024Article
- By what molecular mechanisms do social determinants impact cardiometabolic risk?Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypertension is a major source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence from mouse models, genetic, and cross-sectional human studies suggest increased proportions of selected immune cell subsets may be associated with levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP).
methodsWe assayed immune cells from cryopreserved samples collected at the baseline examination (2000-2002) from 1195 participants from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). We used linear mixed models, with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, exercise, body mass index, education, diabetes, and cytomegalovirus titers, to estimate the associations between 30 immune cell subsets (4 of which were a priori hypotheses) and repeated measures of SBP (baseline and up to four follow-up measures) over 10 years. The analysis provides estimates of the association with blood pressure level.
resultsThe mean age of the MESA participants at baseline was 64 ± 10 years and 53% were male. A one standard deviation (1-SD) increment in the proportion of γδ T cells was associated with 2.40 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-3.42] higher average systolic blood pressure; and for natural killer cells, a 1-SD increment was associated with 1.88 mmHg (95% CI 0.82-2.94) higher average level of systolic blood pressure. A 1-SD increment in classical monocytes (CD14
conclusionThese findings suggest that the innate immune system plays a role in levels of SBP whereas there were no associations with adaptive immune cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.