ArticlePhysical therapy2021
Gait Variability and Relationships With Fear, Avoidance, and Pain in Adolescents With Chronic Pain.
Article in Physical therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06539247 (Comparative Effects of Motor Relearning Approach Versus Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effects of Motor Relearning Approach Versus Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique (PNF) on Pain, Foot Drop, Gait and Functional Mobility in Hemiplegic Patients
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Evaluation of Change in Center of Pressure During Perturbation of Balance Including Blindfolding in Healthy Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Sustained Release of αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] via Hydrogel Microneedle Patch for Chronic Neuropathic Pain Management.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Does joint hypermobility exacerbate altered landing and jumping strategies in adolescents with fibromyalgia syndrome compared to controls?Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2025Article
- Individual joint contributions to forward propulsion during treadmill walking in women with hip osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Article
- Comparison of Pain Characteristics, Strength, and Movement Patterns in Adolescents With Juvenile Fibromyalgia and High Versus Low Fear of Movement.The journal of pain · 2024Observational
- Full-body kinematics and head stabilisation strategies during walking in patients with chronic unilateral and bilateral vestibulopathy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee Amputees.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review and Proposed Framework for Coping in Youth With a History of Psychological Trauma and Chronic Pain.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2022Article
- Association between pain and gait instability in patients with lumbar disc herniation.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSome children with chronic pain struggle with fear of pain, avoidance behaviors, and associated disability; however, movement adaptations in the context of chronic pain in childhood is virtually unknown. Variability in adaptive movement responses previously observed between individuals might be largely explained by the presence of problematic psychological drivers (eg, fear, avoidance). The goals of this study were to quantify the variability of gait and examine relationships among pain, fear, avoidance, function (perceived and objective), and gait variability.
methodsThis study used a cross-sectional design. Eligible patients were between 8 and 17 years of age and had musculoskeletal, neuropathic, or headache pain that was not due to acute trauma (eg, active sprain) or any specific or systemic disease. Participants completed the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ), Functional Disability Inventory, and 6-Minute Walk Test and received kinematic gait analysis. Relationships were analyzed among these measures, and the self-report and functional measures were examined to determine whether they predicted gait variability (GaitSD).
resultsThe 16 participants who were evaluated (13.8 [SD = 2.2] years of age; 13 female) had high Numeric Pain Rating Scale scores (6.2 [SD = 2.1]), FOPQ-Fear scores (25.9 [SD = 12.1]), FOPQ-Avoidance scores (22.8 [SD = 10.2]), and Functional Disability Inventory scores (28.6 [SD = 9.4]) and low 6-Minute Walk Test distance (437.1 m [SD = 144.6]). Participants had greater GaitSD than age-predicted norms. Fear was related to self-selected GaitSD, and avoidance was related to both self-selected and standardized GaitSD. Avoidance predicted 43% and 47% of the variability in self-selected and standardized GaitSD, respectively.
conclusionGaitSD was significantly related to both fear of pain and avoidance behaviors, suggesting the interplay of these psychological drivers with movement. FOPQ-Avoidance was robust in accounting for GaitSD. IMPACT: This study offers preliminary evidence in understanding movement adaptations associated with adolescents with chronic pain. They may lend to more directed interventions.
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