SynthesisThe journal of pathology. Clinical research2021
Immune cell infiltrates as prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The journal of pathology. Clinical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pancreatic cancer organoid-macrophage co-culture using starPEG-heparin hydrogel deciphers tumor-immune cell interactions.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Non-Titanised Compared to Titanised Polypropylene Meshes Induce a Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Angiogenic Response in Fibroblast Co-Cultures.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Unveiling the gut-pancreas axis: microbial influence on stemness and tumor microenvironment of PDAC.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2026Review
- The life cycle of tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer-a window of opportunity for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond Structure: The Dynamic Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Immune Evasion.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Plexin Domain Containing 2, a Protein Specifically Expressed and Elevated in Human Pancreatic Cancer Tissue and Serum, Influences Cell Proliferation by Correlating With Cortactin.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Biomimetic Tumour Model Systems for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Relation to Photodynamic Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Threading the Needle: Navigating Novel Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2025Review
- Panoramic tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Review
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with suppression of the B cell-centered immune landscape in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Expression of TILs and Patterns of Gene Expression from Paired Samples of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) Patients.Cancers · 2023Article
- Analysis and Validation of TMED3 correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of glioma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy and Pancreatic Cancer: A Lost Challenge?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Combining sCD163 with CA 19-9 Increases the Predictiveness of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2023Article
- The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Neither Hot nor Cold.Cancers · 2022Article
- Review
- Application of Proteomics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Biomarker Investigations: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- CASP-Model Sepsis Triggers Systemic Innate Immune Responses Revealed by the Systems-Level Signaling Pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Application of Mass Spectrometry in Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in several cancers. However, no immune based biomarker has yet been validated for use in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of immune cell infiltration, measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC), as a prognostic biomarker in PDAC. All other IHC prognostic biomarkers in PDAC were also summarised. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched between 1998 and 2018. Studies investigating IHC biomarkers and prognosis in PDAC were included. REMARK score and Newcastle-Ottawa scale were used for qualitative analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool results, where possible. Twenty-six articles studied immune cell infiltration IHC biomarkers and PDAC prognosis. Meta-analysis found high infiltration with CD4 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51-0.83.) and CD8 (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55-0.84.) T-lymphocytes associated with better disease-free survival. Reduced overall survival was associated with high CD163 (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.03-2.56). Infiltration of CD3, CD20, FoxP3 and CD68 cells, and PD-L1 expression was not prognostic. In total, 708 prognostic biomarkers were identified in 1101 studies. In summary, high CD4 and CD8 infiltration are associated with better disease-free survival in PDAC. Increased CD163 is adversely prognostic. Despite the publication of 708 IHC prognostic biomarkers in PDAC, none has been validated for clinical use. Further research should focus on reproducibility of prognostic biomarkers in PDAC in order to achieve this.
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Registered trials
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