ReviewJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2021
Vascular pathologies in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches.
Review in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 208 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: Pathophysiology and interventional approaches - systematic review.Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio as muscle assessment tool and predictive value for mortality and sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Intravenous sodium thiosulphate for vascular calcification of hemodialysis patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin K supplementation and vascular calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin K supplementation on vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Vascular calcification: pathogenic mechanisms, signaling crosstalk and translational therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Top 10 Concepts in Secondary ASCVD Prevention From the 2026 ACC/AHA Dyslipidemia Guideline: What Is New and Why It Matters.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Prognosis by Renal Function With or Without Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Associations of C-Reactive Protein-Triglyceride Glucose Index and Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity With All-Cause Mortality: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Impact of cancer history on coronary calcification and clinical outcomes in intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention.Coronary artery disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Antithrombotic Therapy After PCI in High-Risk Cardiovascular Patients: Navigating Complexity Beyond Guidelines.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Individualized Intervention for Frailty Reversal in Older Patients With Nondialysis CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Chronic kidney disease and stromal cell-derived factor 1α peptide-functionalization impact on polycarbonate-bisurea based in situ tissue-engineered vascular graft dynamics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interpretable machine learning model for predicting hemorrhage following ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy: a multicenter study.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Endocrine disorders linked to chronic kidney disease: Mechanisms and clinical implications.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Band keratopathy and conjunctival calcification in end-stage kidney disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical management.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Clinical Significance of Adjusting the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate by an Individual's Body Surface Area from the Perspective of the Cardio-ankle Vascular Index: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both conditions are rising in incidence as well as prevalence, creating poor outcomes for patients and high healthcare costs. Recent data suggests CKD to be an independent risk factor for CVD. Accumulation of uremic toxins, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress have been identified to act as CKD-specific alterations that increase cardiovascular risk. The association between CKD and cardiovascular mortality is markedly influenced through vascular alterations, in particular atherosclerosis and vascular calcification (VC). While numerous risk factors promote atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial dysfunction and its progress to vascular structural damage, CKD affects the medial layer of blood vessels primarily through VC. Ongoing research has identified VC to be a multifactorial, cell-mediated process in which numerous abnormalities like mineral dysregulation and especially hyperphosphatemia induce a phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cells to osteoblast-like cells. A combination of pro-calcifying stimuli and an impairment of inhibiting mechanisms like fetuin A and vitamin K-dependent proteins like matrix Gla protein and Gla-rich protein leads to mineralization of the extracellular matrix. In view of recent studies, intercellular communication pathways via extracellular vesicles and microRNAs represent key mechanisms in VC and thereby a promising field to a deeper understanding of the involved pathomechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview about pathophysiological mechanisms connecting CKD and CVD. Special emphasis is laid on vascular alterations and more recently discovered molecular pathways which present possible new therapeutic targets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.