ArticleJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)2021
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Article in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2022Guideline
- KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B Endorsed by the East Asia Liver Alliance (EALA).Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Across the Social Network of the Gut: Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The immunoecology of occult hepatitis B virus infection: genetic remodeling and the immune-mediated microcosm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Interaction between HBsAg response and the prognosis of patients with HBV-associated HCC receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable primary liver cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Viral-Track integrated single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals HBV lymphotropism and immunosuppressive microenvironment in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.Communications biology · 2025Article
- The role of pioneering transcription factors, chromatin accessibility and epigenetic reprogramming in oncogenic viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The Benefits and Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Factors Associated with IgG/IgM Levels after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Sequential Therapy with Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b and Anti-Programmed Cell Death 1 Antibody for Inhibiting the Recurrence of Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Animal Modeling to Phase I Clinical Results.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer and Viral Hepatitis: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience.The oncologist · 2023Article
- Occult hepatitis B in patients with cancer during immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy: A real-life retrospective single-center cohort study.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Interaction between baseline HBV loads and the prognosis of patients with HCC receiving anti-PD-1 in combination with antiangiogenic therapy undergoing concurrent TAF prophylaxis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Hepatotoxicity Induced by Biological Agents: Clinical Features and Current Controversies.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2022Review
- Review
- Are immune-checkpoint inhibitors immunosuppressive to hepatitis B virus?Hepatology international · 2022Article
- Infections due to dysregulated immunity: an emerging complication of cancer immunotherapy.Thorax · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There have been unique adverse events reported with targeted blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA4), including immune mediated toxicities. Recently, there have been reports of hepatitis B reactivation (HBVr) occurring with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, which may result in treatment delays, interruptions, or discontinuation. This retrospective literature review and analysis of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) queried reported cases of "Hepatitis B reactivation" reported with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors "Pembrolizumab," "Atezolizumab," "Nivolumab," "Durvalumab," "Avelumab," and "Ipilimumab" from initial FDA approval to June 30, 2020. Disproportionality signal analysis was determined by calculating a reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ROR was considered significant when the lower and upper limits of the 95% CI were >1 and confirmed by the Fisher exact test (P<0.05). Pembrolizumab had a strong signal associated with HBVr, with a ROR of 2.32 (95% CI: 1.11-4.28) (P=0.013) and was the only statistically significant finding. There were no reports of HBVr with Ipilimumab or Avelumab. Additional prospective studies should be conducted to validate the findings of this retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis to determine the risk of HBVr in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.