ReviewJAAD international2021
Skin manifestations of COVID-19: A worldwide review.
Review in JAAD international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of skin manifestations in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- [Guideline S1: Long COVID: Diagnostics and treatment strategies].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2021Guideline
- Chilblain-Like Lesions (CLL) Coinciding With the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Children: A Systematic Review.Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgeryPooled it
- Trends in dermatological presentations at the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Singapore: a 4-year analysis pre- and during COVID-19.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Severe Adenovirus Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Co-infection.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccination-linked granuloma annulare in two patients.Skin health and disease · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and management of COVID toes in outpatients: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- The most common skin symptoms in young adults and adults related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Review
- The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- An illustrative case of pseudo-chilblains in tropical Singapore: what is its significance?Singapore medical journal · 2024Article
- Dermatologic Changes in Experimental Model of Long COVID.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Morphological and Prognostic Values of Skin Lesions in Patients with COVID-19.Dermatology research and practice · 2024Article
- How Infection and Vaccination Are Linked to Acute and Chronic Urticaria: A Special Focus on COVID-19.Viruses · 2023Review
- [S1 guidelines for the management of postviral conditions using the example of post-COVID-19].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- IgA Vasculitis Associated With COVID-19.Cureus · 2023Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 surge on phototherapy in Taiwan: Focusing on the patient profile, adherence, and attitude before and after the surge.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2023Article
- Dermatological Manifestations in COVID-19: A Case Study of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Genetic Thrombophilic Patient with Mthfr Mutation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID-19.Allergy · 2023Review
- Skin Manifestations Among Patients Admitted with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study at a University-Based Tertiary Hospital in Jordan.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
- COVID-19: THE NEED FOR INCREASED RECOGNITION OF CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS - LETTER TO THE EDITOR.African journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveBecause of the increasing emergence of skin manifestations of COVID-19 worldwide, we investigated the published reports of these lesions.
methodsWe conducted a literature search for original and review articles published from November 11, 2019 to September 30, 2020.
resultsWe identified 5 skin lesions common in patients with COVID-19: pseudo-chilblains, rashes containing macules and papules, and urticarial, vesicular, and vaso-occlusive lesions. These lesions manifested at various times in relation to the COVID-19 symptoms, which may indicate whether the lesions are virus-induced or are delayed immunological responses to the infection. Skin lesions were more prevalent among Europeans and United States residents than among Asians, as was pseudo-chilblain, and the morphology of the skin lesions varied among continents. Pseudo-chilblains were the most common COVID-19 skin manifestation in Europe and the United States, but there was only 1 reported case from Asian populations. Additionally, patients with vaso-occlusive lesions were more likely than those with pseudo-chilblains to be admitted to the intensive care unit and to die.
conclusionDifferent cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 could reflect a wide spectrum of viral interactions with the skin, though reporting bias may play a role as well.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.