ArticleNature medicine2021
Personal neoantigen vaccines induce persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma.
2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 355 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
355citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
29.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Study With a Personalized NeoAntigen Cancer Vaccine in Melanoma
NCT07686744 phase1not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation
A Phase I Clinical Trial of Personalized Neoantigen Peptide Vaccine in Combination With Pembrolizumab for the Safety and Efficacy in Patients With Advanced, Recurrent or Refractory Renal Cell Carcinoma
Who cites it
355 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 490 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of EGF/EGFR Vaccines in EGFR-Driven Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Single-Arm Studies.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Advances on cancer vaccine trials registered in China and the USA in 2014-2024.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Twenty-year survival outcomes after multipeptide vaccination for resected high-risk melanoma: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.International journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- UCPVax, a CD4 helper peptide vaccine, induces polyfunctional Th1 cells, antibody response, and epitope spreading to improve antitumor immunity.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- TEIPP-vaccination in checkpoint-resistant non-small cell lung cancer: a first-in-human phase I/II dose-escalation study.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Toward next-generation therapeutic HPV vaccines: A review on expanding the antigen repertoire and an integrated bioinformatics selection framework.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- A Nitric Oxide-Based STING Agonist Nanoadjuvant With ICD-Derived Membrane Antigens Unleashes Robust Antitumor Immunity.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Metal-organic framework nanovaccines for systemic tumour regression.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines: development, challenges, and future perspectives.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Developing neoantigen cancer vaccines: where are we now?Nature communications · 2026Review
- Therapeutic vaccines for NSCLC: From mechanisms to clinical translation.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Cancer Vaccine Development: Toward Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Personalized Cell Membrane Nanovaccine.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence for translational personalized neoantigen cancer vaccine development.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Past achievements and future perspectives of personalized vaccines and the role of dendritic cells.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Take Five: harmonization in personalized cancer vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Supramolecular STING-Hydrogel Spatiotemporally Boosts Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Based Personalized Vaccine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- The Central Role of HLA Class II-Restricted Helper Neoantigen Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- The Dendritic Cell-based Vaccine PROTEXI leverages Antiviral CD4 T cell Memory to boost anti-tumor immune responses in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Single-nucleus multimodal spatial transcriptomics reveals spatial colocalization of neoantigen-expressing tumor cells and cognate T cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Personalized cancer vaccines: bridging immune-oncology and precision medicine for advanced therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
295 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
41 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Zhuting Hu *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Donna E Leet *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-1705
Rosa L Allesøe *Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Giacomo OliveiraDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Shuqiang LiBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Adrienne M LuomaDepartment of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Jinyan LiuCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Juliet FormanDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Teddy HuangTranslational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
J Bryan IorgulescuDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-3667
Rebecca HoldenDepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Siranush SarkizovaBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Satyen H GohilDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Robert A ReddDepartment of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-5288
Jing SunDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Liudmila ElaginaBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Anita Giobbie-HurderDepartment of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Wandi ZhangDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Lauren PeterCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-7503
Zoe CiantraCenter for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Scott RodigDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Oriol OliveDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Keerthi ShettyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Jason PyrdolDepartment of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Mohamed UdumanDepartment of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Patrick C LeeDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Pavan BachireddyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Elizabeth I BuchbinderDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Charles H YoonHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Donna NeubergDepartment of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Bradley L PenteluteBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-801X
Nir HacohenHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Kenneth J LivakDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-5856
Sachet A ShuklaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Lars Rønn OlsenSection for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Dan H BarouchHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-4659
Kai W WucherpfennigHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Edward F FritschDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-5665
Derin B KeskinDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Catherine J WuDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3348-5054
Patrick A OttDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. patrick_ott@dfci.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4253-943X
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute · USBroad Institute · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USHarvard University · USCopenhagen University Hospital · DKMassachusetts Institute of Technology · USUniversity of Copenhagen · DK
Funding
VectorP30CA006516 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE · PI JENNIFER W MACK · 1985 to 2026
$330.6MTreating the P13-Kinase/AKTP50CA101942 · NCI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI David McDermott · 2003 to 2026
$53.4MTranscriptional mechanisms and melanomaP01CA163222 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI DAVID E FISHER · 2013 to 2026
$25.3MCancer Immune Monitoring and Analysis CenterU24CA224331 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI FRANK S HODI, Catherine Ju-Ying Wu · 2017 to 2026
$18.4MTraining Program in Nervous System TumorsK12CA090354 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI PLOTKIN, SCOTT R · 2001 to 2025
$16.3MVASCULAR, PULMONARY AND RENAL INJURYT32HL007627 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI GIMBRONE, MICHAEL A, MITCHELL, RICHARD N · 1985 to 2019
$12.7MPersonal tumor neoantigens for immunity against chronic lymphocytic leukemiaR01CA155010 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI Catherine Ju-Ying Wu · 2011 to 2026
$9.6MTherapeutic Targeting of Immune Evasion from the MICA - NKG2D PathwayR01CA238039 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI Kai W Wucherpfennig · 2019 to 2026
$4.2MDissecting neoepitope-specific clonal T cell populations in advanced melanoma patients vaccinated with personal neoantigen peptides partnered with local and systemic immune checkpoint InhibitionR01CA229261 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI Patrick Alexander Ott · 2018 to 2026
$3.8MCancer Immunology Training GrantT32CA207021 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI WUCHERPFENNIG, KAI W · 2016 to 2020
$2.4MSingle cell investigation of co-evolution in cancer cells and host cell immune microenvironmentR50CA251956 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI Shuqiang Li · 2020 to 2026
$1.4MImmunogenomic analytical approaches for research and clinical applicationsR50CA211482 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI SHUKLA, SACHET ASHOK · 2016 to 2020
$1.3MHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS K12 CA090354NCI NIH HHS P01 CA163222NCI NIH HHS P30 CA006516NCI NIH HHS P50 CA101942NCI NIH HHS R01 CA155010NCI NIH HHS R01 CA229261NCI NIH HHS R01 CA238039NCI NIH HHS R21 CA216772NCI NIH HHS R50 CA211482NCI NIH HHS R50 CA251956NCI NIH HHS T32 CA207021NCI NIH HHS U24 CA224331NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007627
Abstract
Personal neoantigen vaccines have been envisioned as an effective approach to induce, amplify and diversify antitumor T cell responses. To define the long-term effects of such a vaccine, we evaluated the clinical outcome and circulating immune responses of eight patients with surgically resected stage IIIB/C or IVM1a/b melanoma, at a median of almost 4 years after treatment with NeoVax, a long-peptide vaccine targeting up to 20 personal neoantigens per patient ( NCT01970358 ). All patients were alive and six were without evidence of active disease. We observed long-term persistence of neoantigen-specific T cell responses following vaccination, with ex vivo detection of neoantigen-specific T cells exhibiting a memory phenotype. We also found diversification of neoantigen-specific T cell clones over time, with emergence of multiple T cell receptor clonotypes exhibiting distinct functional avidities. Furthermore, we detected evidence of tumor infiltration by neoantigen-specific T cell clones after vaccination and epitope spreading, suggesting on-target vaccine-induced tumor cell killing. Personal neoantigen peptide vaccines thus induce T cell responses that persist over years and broaden the spectrum of tumor-specific cytotoxicity in patients with melanoma.
Indexed as
Immunologic MemoryAntigens, NeoplasmCancer VaccinesEpitopesHumansMelanomaAntigens, NeoplasmCancer VaccinesEpitopes
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT01970358ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07686744ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.